Origin of diderm (Gram-negative) bacteria: antibiotic selection pressure rather than endosymbiosis likely led to the evolution of bacterial cells with two membranes.
Origin of diderm (Gram-negative) bacteria: antibiotic selection pressure rather than endosymbiosis likely led to the evolution of bacterial cells with two membranes.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10482-011-9616-8
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发表时间：
2011-08
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Gupta, Radhey S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gupta, Radhey S.
关键词：
原核生物可以分为两个主要的群体，这取决于它们的细胞被膜是否包含一个膜（单胚层）或两个膜（双胚层）。重要的是要了解这些和其他变化，在原核生物的细胞包膜中观察到的起源。在2009年，詹姆斯·莱克（James Lake）提出，具有两层膜的细胞（主要是革兰氏阴性细菌）起源于一个古老的内共生事件，涉及放线菌和梭菌（莱克）。然而，这一观点认为，这一建议是基于一些不正确的假设和数据，以支持这一模式也是可疑的性质。因此，没有可靠的证据支持双膜细菌的内共生起源。相反，许多观察表明抗生素选择压力是原核生物进化中的一个重要选择力，并且它可能在双胚层（革兰氏阴性）细菌的进化中发挥了核心作用。一些细菌门，如Deinococcus-Thermus，缺乏脂多糖（LPS），但含有双胚层细菌的一些特征，被假定为单胚层细菌分类群和具有革兰氏阴性细菌中发现的含LPS外细胞膜的原型细菌群之间过渡的进化中间体（简单双胚层）。通过Hsp 70和Hsp 60蛋白中的保守插入片段，可以区分双胚层-LPS细胞进化的两个阶段（即单胚层细菌→缺乏LPS的简单双胚层→含有LPS的原型双胚层细菌）。Hsp 60蛋白中的插入物还将传统的革兰氏阴性双胚层细菌门与双胚层细菌的非典型分类群（即，阴性菌门、梭杆菌门、增效菌门和Elusimicrobia）区分开。具有LPS-双胚层细胞包膜的革兰氏阴性细菌门，如通过Hsp 60插入物的存在所定义的，被指示形成单系进化枝，并且似乎没有发生来自该组的任何物种的外膜的损失。这就反驳了单胚层原核生物起源于双胚层细菌是由于外膜丧失的观点。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007/s10482-011-9616-8）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The prokaryotic organisms can be divided into two main groups depending upon whether their cell envelopes contain one membrane (monoderms) or two membranes (diderms). It is important to understand how these and other variations that are observed in the cell envelopes of prokaryotic organisms have originated. In 2009, James Lake proposed that cells with two membranes (primarily Gram-negative bacteria) originated from an ancient endosymbiotic event involving an Actinobacteria and a Clostridia (Lake). However, this Perspective argues that this proposal is based on a number of incorrect assumptions and the data presented in support of this model are also of questionable nature. Thus, there is no reliable evidence to support the endosymbiotic origin of double membrane bacteria. In contrast, many observations suggest that antibiotic selection pressure was an important selective force in prokaryotic evolution and that it likely played a central role in the evolution of diderm (Gram-negative) bacteria. Some bacterial phyla, such as Deinococcus-Thermus, which lack lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and yet contain some characteristics of the diderm bacteria, are postulated as evolutionary intermediates (simple diderms) in the transition between the monoderm bacterial taxa and the bacterial groups that have the archetypal LPS-containing outer cell membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria. It is possible to distinguish the two stages in the evolution of diderm-LPS cells (viz. monoderm bacteria → simple diderms lacking LPS → LPS containing archetypal diderm bacteria) by means of conserved inserts in the Hsp70 and Hsp60 proteins. The insert in the Hsp60 protein also distinguishes the traditional Gram-negative diderm bacterial phyla from atypical taxa of diderm bacteria (viz. Negativicutes, Fusobacteria, Synergistetes and Elusimicrobia). The Gram-negative bacterial phyla with an LPS-diderm cell envelope, as defined by the presence of the Hsp60 insert, are indicated to form a monophyletic clade and no loss of the outer membrane from any species from this group seems to have occurred. This argues against the origin of monoderm prokaryotes from diderm bacteria by loss of outer membrane. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9616-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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DOI：
10.1099/ijs.0.001792-0
发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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