Platelet in thrombo-inflammation: Unraveling new therapeutic targets.
Platelet in thrombo-inflammation: Unraveling new therapeutic targets.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039843
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Antoniak, Silvio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharma, Swati;Tyagi, Tarun;Antoniak, Silvio
在广泛的人类疾病中，血栓炎症作为临床表现出现。在临床上，它在浅表血栓性静脉炎的背景下得到了很好的表征，浅表血栓性静脉炎被认为是浅静脉的血栓形成和炎症。然而，当在受伤/发炎/感染的组织和器官的微血管中发展时，它更危险。败血症和缺血再灌注等疾病可导致微血管血栓形成，进而导致血栓炎症。血栓炎症也可发生在抗磷脂综合征、先兆子痫、镰状细胞病、细菌和病毒感染的情况下。血栓炎症的主要原因之一是血管内皮细胞正常抗血栓形成和抗炎潜力的丧失。这表现为凝血途径和补体系统的失调、病理性血小板活化和微血管内白细胞募集增加的形式。血小板在病理和非病理条件下止血和血栓形成中的作用已得到充分证实。血小板是无核细胞，已知其在主要止血和凝血途径中的重要作用。近年来，研究提供了强有力的证据，证明血小板在急性缺血性中风等炎症过程和2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）等病毒感染中的重要作用。这促使研究人员研究血小板在各种血栓炎性疾病病理学中的作用。抑制血小板表面受体或其介导初始血小板活化和粘附的细胞内信号传导可能被证明是血栓炎性疾病的合适靶点。本文综述了血小板信号传导的概念和机制，并简要讨论了血小板信号传导在无菌和非无菌血栓炎症中的作用，重点介绍了血小板在COVID-19诱导的血栓炎症中的作用。本文综述了血小板在血栓炎症中的作用，并讨论了其作为药物靶点的潜力。
In the broad range of human diseases, thrombo-inflammation appears as a clinical manifestation. Clinically, it is well characterized in context of superficial thrombophlebitis that is recognized as thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins. However, it is more hazardous when developed in the microvasculature of injured/inflamed/infected tissues and organs. Several diseases like sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion can cause formation of microvascular thrombosis subsequently leading to thrombo-inflammation. Thrombo-inflammation can also occur in cases of antiphospholipid syndrome, preeclampsia, sickle cell disease, bacterial and viral infection. One of the major contributors to thrombo-inflammation is the loss of normal anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory potential of the endothelial cells of vasculature. This manifest itself in the form of dysregulation of the coagulation pathway and complement system, pathologic platelet activation, and increased recruitment of leukocyte within the microvasculature. The role of platelets in hemostasis and formation of thrombi under pathologic and non-pathologic conditions is well established. Platelets are anucleate cells known for their essential role in primary hemostasis and the coagulation pathway. In recent years, studies provide strong evidence for the critical involvement of platelets in inflammatory processes like acute ischemic stroke, and viral infections like Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This has encouraged the researchers to investigate the contribution of platelets in the pathology of various thrombo-inflammatory diseases. The inhibition of platelet surface receptors or their intracellular signaling which mediate initial platelet activation and adhesion might prove to be suitable targets in thrombo-inflammatory disorders. Thus, the present review summarizes the concept and mechanism of platelet signaling and briefly discuss their role in sterile and non-sterile thrombo-inflammation, with the emphasis on role of platelets in COVID-19 induced thrombo-inflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent developments in deciphering the role of the platelets in thrombo-inflammation and discuss their potential as pharmaceutical targets.
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