Development, function and fate of fetal Leydig cells.

Development, function and fate of fetal Leydig cells.
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胎儿间质细胞的发育、功能和命运

DOI:
10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.003
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发表时间:
2016-11
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Liu, Yi-Xun
Liu, Yi-Xun
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wen, Qing;Cheng, C. Yan;Liu, Yi-Xun

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在胎儿睾丸发育过程中,发现胎儿间质细胞(FLC)是由多个前体细胞分化而来。FLC的特化和功能受到特定基因和信号蛋白的严格调控。此外,支持细胞在胎儿睾丸发育过程中对FLC的分化起着至关重要的调节作用。FLC祖细胞和FLC产生的生物分子也参与啮齿动物FLC的分化和活性。FLC的主要功能是产生雄激素使XY胚胎雄性化。然而,由于缺乏17β-HSD(17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶),FLC能够产生雄烯二酮而不能产生睾酮,但胎儿支持细胞表达17β-HSD,从而在胎儿睾丸中将雄烯二酮转化为睾酮。另一方面,FLC产生激活素A来调节支持细胞增殖,支持细胞反过来调节睾丸索扩张。目前普遍认为,在新生儿和青春期前睾丸中,随着FLC的退化,成体间质细胞(ALC)在出生后发育过程中逐渐取代FLC产生睾酮以支持精子发生。然而,基于使用遗传追踪小鼠模型的研究,发现FLC持续存在于成年睾丸中,占总Leydig细胞的约20%。在这篇综述中,我们评估了最新的研究结果,在胎儿和成人睾丸发育过程中的FLC的发展,功能和命运。
During fetal testis development, fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) are found to be originated from multiple progenitor cells. FLC specification and function are under tight regulation of specific genes and signaling proteins. Furthermore, Sertoli cells play a crucial role to regulate FLC differentiation during fetal testis development. FLC progenitor- and FLC-produced biomolecules are also involved in the differentiation and activity of rodent FLCs. The main function of FLCs is to produce androgens to masculinize XY embryos. However, FLCs are capable of producing androstenedione but not testosterone due to the lack of 17β-HSD (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), but fetal Sertoli cells express 17β-HSD which thus transforms androstenedione to testosterone in the fetal testis. On the other hand, FLCs produce activin A to regulate Sertoli cell proliferation, and Sertoli cells in turn modulate testis cord expansion. It is now generally accepted that adult Leydig cells (ALCs) gradually replace FLCs during postnatal development to produce testosterone to support spermatogenesis as FLCs undergo degeneration in neonatal and pre-pubertal testes. However, based on studies using genetic tracing mouse models, FLCs are found to persist in adult testes, making up ~20% of total Leydig cells. In this review, we evaluate the latest findings regarding the development, function and fate of FLCs during fetal and adult testis development.
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