An old test for new neurons: refining the Morris water maze to study the functional relevance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
An old test for new neurons: refining the Morris water maze to study the functional relevance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2013.00063
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kempermann G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garthe A;Kempermann G
莫里斯水迷宫代表了实验室啮齿动物海马功能测试的事实上的标准。然而，在成人海马神经发生领域，使用这种范例来评估新神经元的功能相关性却产生了令人惊讶的不一致结果。虽然一些作者发现水迷宫表现的某些方面与成体神经发生有关，但其他作者获得了不同的结果或无法证明操纵成体神经发生的任何效果。在这篇综述中，我们讨论的证据表明，所使用的协议和设置的巨大多样性是解释已获得的结果差异的一个重要方面。即使是简单的参数，例如池大小、视觉标志的数量和配置或试验数量，也可能与新神经元的参与高度相关。参数集的选择通常考虑到隐式或显式的概念，这些可能会导致对成人生成神经元功能的不同看法。我们提出，通常用于测量水迷宫空间学习表现的经典参数可能不太适合敏感且特异性地检测由成人海马神经发生的实验调节引起的所谓高度特异性的功能变化。由于成年神经发生被认为仅影响海马体信息处理的特定方面，因此任何关于新神经元功能相关性的主张都必须基于海马体特定参数。我们还特别强调了这样一个事实：齿状回（DG）促进了上下文之间的区分，而不仅仅是区分位置。总之，虽然莫里斯水迷宫已被证明是评估海马依赖性空间学习的最有效的测试范例之一，但新的和更具体的问题需要新的参数。因此，水迷宫任务的全部潜力仍有待挖掘。
The Morris water maze represents the de-facto standard for testing hippocampal function in laboratory rodents. In the field of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, however, using this paradigm to assess the functional relevance of the new neurons yielded surprisingly inconsistent results. While some authors found aspects of water maze performance to be linked to adult neurogenesis, others obtained different results or could not demonstrate any effect of manipulating adult neurogenesis. In this review we discuss evidence that the large diversity of protocols and setups used is an important aspect in interpreting the differences in the results that have been obtained. Even simple parameters such as pool size, number, and configuration of visual landmarks, or number of trials can become highly relevant for getting the new neurons involved at all. Sets of parameters are often chosen with implicit or explicit concepts in mind and these might lead to different views on the function of adult-generated neurons. We propose that the classical parameters usually used to measure spatial learning performance in the water maze might not be particularly well-suited to sensitively and specifically detect the supposedly highly specific functional changes elicited by the experimental modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. As adult neurogenesis is supposed to affect specific aspects of information processing only in the hippocampus, any claim for a functional relevance of the new neurons has to be based on hippocampus-specific parameters. We also placed a special emphasis on the fact that the dentate gyrus (DG) facilitates the differentiation between contexts as opposed to just differentiating places. In conclusion, while the Morris water maze has proven to be one of the most effective testing paradigms to assess hippocampus-dependent spatial learning, new and more specific questions ask for new parameters. Therefore, the full potential of the water maze task remains to be tapped.
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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Kempermann, G
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