Genetic and epigenetic determinants of AML pathogenesis.

Genetic and epigenetic determinants of AML pathogenesis.
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DOI:
10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.08.001
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发表时间:
2019-04
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Levine RL
Levine RL
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cai SF;Levine RL

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急性髓性白血病(AML)是最早在全基因组水平上测序的癌症之一。通过靶向测序组和细胞遗传学对AML进行分子分析已成为AML患者风险分层和指导临床医生为患者提供最佳治疗的支柱。为表征AML而生成的广泛的高分辨率基因组数据有助于揭示该疾病的巨大生物学复杂性,部分由突变,克隆和表观遗传异质性决定。这是进一步复杂的前期非白血病状态的克隆造血,但与发展的血液恶性肿瘤的风险增加,并与缺血性心血管疾病的死亡率的风险更大。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了AML生物学和治疗学领域的发展,重点是我们对AML的遗传和表观遗传决定因素如何影响治疗模式的确定和最近的转变的理解,特别是在精确肿瘤学的背景下,对于这个高度复杂的血液恶性肿瘤组。
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was one of the first cancers to be sequenced at the level of the whole genome. Molecular profiling of AML through targeted sequencing panels and cytogenetics has become a mainstay in risk-stratifying AML patients and guiding clinicians toward optimal therapies for their patients. The extensive high-resolution genomic data generated to characterize AML have been instrumental in revealing the tremendous biological complexity of the disease, dictated in part by mutational, clonal, and epigenetic heterogeneity. This is further complicated by the antecedent nonleukemic state of clonal hematopoiesis that nevertheless is associated with an increased risk of developing a hematologic malignancy and with a greater risk of mortality from ischemic cardiovascular disease. Here in this review, we discuss developments in the field of AML biology and therapeutics, with a focus on advances in our understanding of how genetic and epigenetic determinants of AML have influenced prognostication and recent shifts in treatment paradigms, particularly within the context of precision oncology, for this highly complex group of hematologic malignancies.
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