Variation in Genetic Diversity across the Range of North American Brown Bears
Variation in Genetic Diversity across the Range of North American Brown Bears
复制标题
北美棕熊分布范围内遗传多样性的变化
DOI：
10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96457.x
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
C. Strobeck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Paetkau;L. Waits;P. Clarkson;L. Craighead;E. Vyse;R. Ward;C. Strobeck
了解影响自然种群遗传多样性丧失速率的因素是保护遗传学的一个核心方面，因为遗传多样性在维持进化潜力和个体适应性方面具有重要意义。对遗传多样性丧失的担忧与大型食肉动物特别相关，如棕熊（Ursus arctos），它们分布密度低，极易受到人为造成的种群碎片化的影响。我们使用了8个高度可变的核微卫星标记来研究目前北美棕熊范围内的遗传变异水平。种群内遗传多样性水平最高（He = 0.76）出现在北美分布核心的北方种群中。在分布的南部边缘，在西北地区，在阿拉斯加西南部的人口的多样性显着降低。多样性仍然较低的黄石生态系统人口（他= 0.55），一个孤立的残余较大的分布，最近从加拿大边境向南延伸到墨西哥。科迪亚克群岛的岛屿人口有很低的遗传多样性（他= 0.26）。黄石公园和科迪亚克的数据表明，棕熊的有效种群规模比以前怀疑的要小得多。这些结果表明，在大多数未受干扰的人口的多样性水平可以保持只有通过连接到目前的北美分布的规模上的人口。与此同时，科迪亚克的数据表明，远低于长期保护建议规模的种群可以持续并繁荣数千年，尽管这种持续性的概率仍然未知。
Understanding the factors that influence the rate at which natural populations lose genetic diversity is a central aspect of conservation genetics because of the importance of genetic diversity in maintaining evolutionary potential and individual fitness. Concerns about loss of genetic diversity are particularly relevant to large carnivores, such as brown bears (Ursus arctos), that are distributed at low densities and are highly susceptible to human‐caused population fragmentation. We used eight highly variable nuclear microsatellite markers to study current levels of genetic variation across the North American range of brown bears. The highest levels of within‐population genetic diversity (He = 0.76) were found in northern populations in the core of the North American distribution. Diversity was significantly lower in populations at the southern fringe of the distribution, in the Northwest Territories, and in southwest Alaska. Diversity was lower still in the Yellowstone Ecosystem population (He = 0.55), an isolated remnant of the larger distribution that recently extended south from the Canadian border into Mexico. The insular population on the Kodiak Archipelago had very low genetic diversity (He = 0.26). The Yellowstone and Kodiak data suggest that the effective population size for brown bears is much smaller than previously suspected. These results indicate that the levels of diversity in most undisturbed populations can be maintained only through connections to populations on the scale of the current North American distribution. At the same time, the Kodiak data demonstrate that populations well under the size recommended for long‐term conservation can persist and thrive for thousands of years, although the probability of such persistence remains unknown.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
WEBER, JL;WONG, C
通讯作者：
WONG, C
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
M. Shriver;L. Jin;Ranajit Chakraborty;E. Boerwinkle
通讯作者：
M. Shriver;L. Jin;Ranajit Chakraborty;E. Boerwinkle
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
M. Shriver;Li Jin;E. Boerwinkle;Ranjan Deka;E. Ferrell;Ranajit;Chakraborty
通讯作者：
M. Shriver;Li Jin;E. Boerwinkle;Ranjan Deka;E. Ferrell;Ranajit;Chakraborty
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
GUO, SW;THOMPSON, EA
通讯作者：
THOMPSON, EA