Compulsive Seekers: Our take. Two Clinicians' Perspective on a New Animal Model of Addiction.
Compulsive Seekers: Our take. Two Clinicians' Perspective on a New Animal Model of Addiction.
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强迫性探索者：我们的看法。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2017.132
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kowalczyk,WilliamJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Epstein,DavidH;Kowalczyk,WilliamJ
朱利亚诺和他的同事（本期）所描述的嗜酒大鼠模型——我们将其称为朱利亚诺模型——是一种受欢迎的动物模型趋势的一部分，该模型结合了人类成瘾的两个主要特征，如下：(a)尽管利与弊的比例不利，但仍然使用药物；(b)只有少数吸毒者上瘾的事实。朱利亚诺模型中的大鼠是按照链式强化计划进行训练的，因此它们寻找酒精（通过一个杠杆，使第二个杠杆可以接近）可以与饮酒（通过第二个杠杆，带来喝酒的机会）分开进行测试和操作。该模型旨在提供一个平台，通过干预措施可以在尽可能早的时候打破寻求/获取链。朱利亚诺和他的同事们使用了一种偏爱酒精的大鼠，所有的老鼠最初都被给予两瓶（酒精/水）的选择任务，以确认和量化它们的酒精度。然后，所有人都接受了寻找/获取反应链的训练，使用随机间隔60秒的寻找杠杆强化计划和FR1的获取杠杆强化计划。
The rat model of alcohol seeking described by Giuliano and colleagues (this issue)—we will refer to it as the Giuliano model—is part of a welcome trend toward animal models that incorporate two cardinal features of human addiction, which are as follows:(a) the use of drugs despite an unfavorable ratio of benefits to harms and (b) the fact that only a minority of drug users become addicted. Rats in the Giuliano model were trained on a chained schedule of reinforcement, so their seeking of alcohol (via a lever that made a second lever accessible) could be tested and manipulated separately from their taking of alcohol (via the second lever, which brought the opportunity to drink). The model was intended to provide a platform whereby interventions could break the seeking/taking chain at the earliest possible point.Giuliano and colleagues used an alcohol-preferring strain of rats, all of which were initially given a two-bottle (alcohol/water) choice task to confirm and quantify their bibulosity. All were then trained to acquire the seeking/taking response chain, using a random-interval 60-s schedule for seekinglever reinforcement and an FR1 schedule for taking-lever reinforcement.
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DOI：
10.1176/ajp.153.2.281
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
The American journal of psychiatry.
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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后强化信号处理。
DOI：
10.1037//0097-7403.11.1.52
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes
影响因子：
--
作者：
Meck,WH
通讯作者：
Meck,WH
影响因子：
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作者：
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