Environment-Driven Adaptations of Leaf Cuticular Waxes Are Inheritable for Medicago ruthenica.
Environment-Driven Adaptations of Leaf Cuticular Waxes Are Inheritable for Medicago ruthenica.
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紫花苜蓿叶角质层蜡的环境驱动适应是可遗传的
DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2021.620245
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Ni Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo Y;Zhao X;Li Y;Li Z;Xiao Q;Wang Y;Zhang X;Ni Y
覆盖在植物表面的表皮蜡在帮助植物适应不断变化的环境中起着关键作用。然而，植物表皮蜡质对生长环境的反应是否具有遗传性尚不清楚。通过田间小区试验，研究了北方30个种植点的紫花苜蓿（Medicagoacutenica）种群叶片蜡质的变化。分离了4个蜡基因MrFAR 3 -1、MrFAR 3 -2、MrCER 1和MrKCS 1，它们参与主要蜡类（伯醇和烷烃）和蜡前体的生物合成，以测试编码序列（CDS）和启动子序列的遗传变异以及表观遗传修饰的贡献。表皮蜡的可塑性反应进一步验证了两个应力模拟实验（干旱和增强紫外线B）。不同种间的蜡质总覆盖度、蜡质种类和蜡质化合物丰度差异较大。在一个共同的花园实验中的西兰花种群。应力模拟实验进一步验证了M.在不同的生长条件下，叶蜡沉积会发生变化。蜡质基因的转录水平与角质层蜡质含量呈正或负相关。而启动子区甲基化分析显示，启动子区甲基化水平与其表达无相关性。虽然启动子序列和CDS都显示出一定数量的多态性位点，但启动子不是自然选择的，而且在不同群体中，4个蜡质基因的作用元件的数量和类型差异不显著。相反，蜡基因的CDS是天然选择的，具有许多错义突变，导致氨基酸以及它们的等电点和极性的改变，这可能影响酶功能/活性。我们认为，在特定环境下的长期适应会引起蜡质生物合成基因的突变，导致角质层蜡质沉积的遗传改变。
Cuticular waxes covering the plant surface play pivotal roles in helping plants adapt to changing environments. However, it is still not clear whether the responses of plant cuticular waxes to their growing environments are inheritable. We collected seeds of Medicago ruthenica (a perennial legume) populations from 30 growing sites in northern China and examined the variations of leaf cuticular waxes in a common garden experiment. Four wax genes, MrFAR3-1, MrFAR3-2, MrCER1, and MrKCS1, involved in biosynthesis of predominant wax classes (primary alcohol and alkane) and wax precursors, were isolated to test the contributions of genetic variations of the coding sequences (CDS) and the promoter sequences and epigenetic modifications. The plasticity responses of the cuticular waxes were further validated by two stress-modeling experiments (drought and enhancing ultraviolet B). Great variations in total wax coverage and abundance of wax classes or wax compounds were observed among M. ruthenica populations in a common garden experiment. Stress-modeling experiments further validated that M. ruthenica would alter leaf wax depositions under changed growing conditions. The transcriptional levels of the wax genes were positively or negatively correlated with amounts of cuticular waxes. However, the analysis of promoter methylation showed that the methylation level of the promoter region was not associated with their expressions. Although both promoter sequences and CDS showed a number of polymorphic sites, the promoters were not naturally selected and insignificant difference could be observed in the numbers and types of acting elements of the four wax genes among populations. In contrast, the CDS of the wax genes were naturally selected, with a number of missense mutations resulting in alterations of the amino acid as well as their isoelectric points and polarities, which could impact on enzyme function/activity. We conclude that long-term adaptation under certain environments would induce genetic mutation of wax biosynthesis genes, resulting in inheritable alterations of cuticular wax depositions.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Andrae, Jake W.;McInerney, Francesca A.;Greenway, Margaret
通讯作者：
Greenway, Margaret
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Guo, Yanjun;He, Yuji;Ni, Yu
通讯作者：
Ni, Yu
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
He, Junqing;Tang, Shuai;Xu, Xiaojing
通讯作者：
Xu, Xiaojing
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
GIESE, BN
通讯作者：
GIESE, BN
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Correll, MJ;Weathers, PJ
通讯作者：
Weathers, PJ