Agrammatic output in non-fluent, including Broca's, aphasia as a rational behavior.
Agrammatic output in non-fluent, including Broca's, aphasia as a rational behavior.
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不流利的语法输出，包括布罗卡失语症，是一种理性行为。
DOI：
10.1080/02687038.2022.2143233
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Gibson,Edward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fedorenko,Evelina;Ryskin,Rachel;Gibson,Edward
背景失语症患者的语言不流利，包括Broca‘s，失语症通常被描述为“语法失语症”，因为他们的输出主要由名词组成，少量由动词组成，缺乏虚词，如冠词和介词，以及正确的形态结尾。20世纪初关于无语法输出的最早解释之一是“努力的经济”思想，即无语法输出被解释为应对语言生产成本增加的一种方式。这一观点在20世纪80年代重新浮出水面，但总的来说，语言研究领域主要关注假设句法知识核心缺陷的语法学解释。目的鉴于认知科学越来越重视理性和有效的行为，我们在这里重新审视努力经济假说。主要贡献如下：每单位语言输出有一个成本，对于不流利的失语症患者来说，这个成本更大。对于理性代理人来说，这种增加会导致更短的消息。重要的是，信息中的信息部分应该保留，多余的部分(如虚词和屈折标记)应该被省略。尽管努力经济不太可能为所有患者的语法输出提供统一的解释--相关人群太过异质性，经验图景太复杂，无法进行任何单因素解释--但我们认为，将语法输出作为理性行为的想法被过早地排除了，似乎为已报道的大量表达失语症病例提供了一个可信的解释。结论：应该更仔细和系统地评估表达语法输出的合理解释。在基础研究方面，追寻这一假说可能会揭示人类大脑如何在生产困难的情况下优化沟通效率。在应用方面，这种表达语法主义的解释强调了一些患者为了在语法困难的情况下进行交流而灵活调整话语的优势；关注这些优势可能比试图修复他们的语法更有效。
BackgroundSpeech of individuals with non-fluent, including Broca’s, aphasia is often characterized as “agrammatic” because their output mostly consists of nouns and, to a lesser extent, verbs and lacks function words, like articles and prepositions, and correct morphological endings. Among the earliest accounts of agrammatic output in the early 1900s was the “economy of effort” idea whereby agrammatic output is construed as a way of coping with increases in the cost of language production. This idea resurfaced in the 1980s, but in general, the field of language research has largely focused on accounts of agrammatism that postulated core deficits in syntactic knowledge.AimsWe here revisit the economy of effort hypothesis in light of increasing emphasis in cognitive science on rational and efficient behavior.Main contributionThe critical idea is as follows: there is a cost per unit of linguistic output, and this cost is greater for patients with non-fluent aphasia. For a rational agent, this increase leads to shorter messages. Critically, the informative parts of the message should be preserved and the redundant ones (like the function words and inflectional markers) should be omitted. Although economy of effort is unlikely to provide a unifying account of agrammatic output in all patients—the relevant population is too heterogeneous and the empirical landscape too complex for any single-factor explanation—we argue that the idea of agrammatic output as a rational behavior was dismissed prematurely and appears to provide a plausible explanation for a large subset of the reported cases of expressive aphasia.ConclusionsThe rational account of expressive agrammatism should be evaluated more carefully and systematically. On the basic research side, pursuing this hypothesis may reveal how the human mind and brain optimize communicative efficiency in the presence of production difficulties. And on the applied side, this construal of expressive agrammatism emphasizes the strengths of some patients to flexibly adapt utterances in order to communicate in spite of grammatical difficulties; and focusing on these strengths may be more effective than trying to “fix” their grammar.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
BRAIMAN, MS;MOGI, T;ROTHSCHILD, KJ
通讯作者：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.83.2.347
发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
11.1
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.81.22.7083
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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