Functional Genomics via CRISPR-Cas.

Functional Genomics via CRISPR-Cas.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.034
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发表时间:
2019-01-04
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Mali P
Mali P
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ford K;McDonald D;Mali P

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RNA 引导的 CRISPR(成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列)相关 Cas 蛋白最近已成为研究和改造基因组的多功能工具。 CRISPR-Cas 的可编程性已被证明对于高通量探测基因组功能特别有用。简单的单引导 RNA (sgRNA) 文库合成允许 CRISPR-Cas 筛选快速研究基因组、转录组和表观基因组扰动的功能后果。此外,通过将 CRISPR-Cas 扰动与下游单细胞分析(流式细胞术、表达谱等)相结合,正向筛选可以生成将基因型与复杂细胞表型联系起来的可靠数据集。在下面的综述中,我们重点介绍了 CRISPR-Cas 基因组筛选的最新进展,同时概述了与筛选实施相关的方案和陷阱。最后,我们描述了当前限制 CRISPR-Cas 筛选实用性的挑战以及解决这些障碍所需的未来研究。随着 CRISPR-Cas 技术的发展,其临床应用也将不断发展。展望未来,以患者为中心的原代细胞功能筛查可能会在疾病管理和治疗开发中发挥更大的作用。
RNA-guided CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-associated Cas proteins have recently emerged as versatile tools to investigate and engineer the genome. The programmability of CRISPR-Cas has proven especially useful for probing genomic function in high-throughput. Facile single guide RNA (sgRNA) library synthesis allows CRISPR-Cas screening to rapidly investigate the functional consequences of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic perturbations. Furthermore, by combining CRISPR-Cas perturbations with downstream single cell analyses (flow cytometry, expression profiling, etc.), forward screens can generate robust data sets linking genotypes to complex cellular phenotypes. In the following review, we highlight recent advances in CRISPR-Cas genomic screening while outlining protocols and pitfalls associated with screen implementation. Finally, we describe current challenges limiting the utility of CRISPR-Cas screening as well as future research needed to resolve these impediments. As CRISPR-Cas technologies develop, so too will their clinical applications. Looking ahead, patient centric functional screening in primary cells will likely play a greater role in disease management as well as therapeutic development.
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