Natural depletion of H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation

Natural depletion of H1 in sex cells causes DNA demethylation, heterochromatin decondensation and transposon activation
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性细胞中 H1 的自然消耗会导致 DNA 去甲基化、异染色质去浓缩和转座子激活

DOI:
10.1101/451930
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
He S
He S
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
He S

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转座因子(Transposable elements,TE)的移动会破坏基因组,在真核生物中是表观遗传沉默的。有趣的是,TE在开花植物拟南芥的精子伴侣细胞-营养细胞(VC)中被激活。然而,这种激活的程度和机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们表明,大约100异染色质TE被激活的VC,主要是由DEMETER催化的DNA去甲基化。我们进一步证明,DEMETER访问这些TE中的一些是允许的连接器组蛋白H1在VC中的自然耗尽。异位表达的H1通过减少DNA去甲基化和甲基化独立机制抑制VC中的TE。我们证明,H1是所需的异染色质凝聚在植物细胞中,并表明H1过表达VC祖细胞中创建异染色质病灶。两者合计,我们的研究结果表明,在男性配子发生过程中的自然损耗H1促进DEMETER指导的DNA去甲基化,异染色质松弛,TE激活。
Transposable elements (TEs), the movement of which can damage the genome, are epigenetically silenced in eukaryotes. Intriguingly, TEs are activated in the sperm companion cell – vegetative cell (VC) – of the flowering plantArabidopsis thaliana. However, the extent and mechanism of this activation are unknown. Here we show that about 100 heterochromatic TEs are activated in VCs, mostly by DEMETER-catalyzed DNA demethylation. We further demonstrate that DEMETER access to some of these TEs is permitted by the natural depletion of linker histone H1 in VCs. Ectopically expressed H1 suppresses TEs in VCs by reducing DNA demethylation and via a methylation-independent mechanism. We demonstrate that H1 is required for heterochromatin condensation in plant cells and show that H1 overexpression creates heterochromatic foci in the VC progenitor cell. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the natural depletion of H1 during male gametogenesis facilitates DEMETER-directed DNA demethylation, heterochromatin relaxation, and TE activation.
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