Morphological evidence for limited sperm production in the enigmatic Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes (Austrochilidae, Araneae)

Morphological evidence for limited sperm production in the enigmatic Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes (Austrochilidae, Araneae)
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神秘的塔斯马尼亚洞穴蜘蛛 Hickmania troglodytes(Austrochilidae,Araneae)精子产生有限的形态学证据

DOI:
10.1111/ivb.12046
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
1.2
通讯作者:
Wirkner C.S
Wirkner C.S
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Michalik;Ramírez;Wirkner C.S

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蜘蛛的雄性生殖系统在所有主要蜘蛛类群中的结构高度多样。很少有人知道这个器官系统在基础araneomorph蜘蛛,特别是Austrochiloidea;这样的知识是必要的,更完整的理解进化形态的雄性生殖系统的蜘蛛。在本研究中,我们描述了雄性生殖系统的澳蛛,神秘的troglophilic塔斯马尼亚洞穴蜘蛛Hickmania troglodytes,使用光镜和电镜技术。雄性生殖系统由管状睾丸组成,睾丸通向回旋的输精管,输精管在靠近生殖器开口处融合,通向未配对的射精管。精子发生只发生在亚成体睾丸,而成年睾丸既没有生精阶段,也没有任何生殖组织在所有调查的标本。成年雄性的睾丸比亚成年雄性的睾丸大得多,但输精管中充满了大量成熟的精子。因此,我们的数据表明,男性的H。穴居蜘蛛精子有限,但不一定像某些织珠蜘蛛那样精子耗尽。由于缺乏生殖组织,有限的精子生产是永久性的(PSL),可能对该物种的生殖策略产生影响。由于几乎没有关于H. troglodytes,特别是男性的物候信息是缺乏的,在这个物种的PSL进化的影响还不清楚。尽管如此,我们的数据对其他代表的澳唇科(澳唇,Thaida chepu)和Gradungulidae(澳唇)otwayensis)表明,PSL内澳唇只有在H进化。troglodytes和可能是一种适应其troglophilic生活方式。
The male reproductive systems of spiders are highly diverse in structure across all major spider taxa. Little is known about this organ system in basal araneomorph spiders, especially Austrochiloidea; such knowledge is necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolutionary morphology of the male reproductive system in spiders. In the present study, we describe the male reproductive system of an austrochilid spider, the enigmatic troglophilic Tasmanian cave spiderHickmania troglodytes, using light and electron microscopic techniques. The male reproductive system consists of tubular testes leading into convoluted deferent ducts, which are fused close to the genital opening to an unpaired ejaculatory duct. Spermatogenesis occurs only in the subadult testes, whereas adult testes showed neither spermatogenic stages nor any generative tissue in all investigated specimens. The testes of adult males are drastically reduced in size compared with those of subadult males, but the deferent ducts are filled with large numbers of mature spermatozoa. Thus, our data suggest that males ofH. troglodytesare sperm‐limited, but not necessarily sperm‐depleted as described for certain orb‐weaving spiders. Due to the absence of generative tissue, limited sperm production is permanent (PSL) and probably has an influence on the reproductive strategies in this species. As nearly no data are available on the life history ofH. troglodytes, and in particular information on the phenology of males is lacking, implications of the evolution of PSL in this species are unclear. Nonetheless, our data on other representatives of Austrochilidae (Austrochilus forsteri,Thaida chepu) and Gradungulidae (Progradungula otwayensis) suggest that PSL evolved within Austrochiliodea only inH. troglodytesand might be an adaptation to its troglophilic lifestyle.
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