Mitochondrial genome maintenance in health and disease.

Mitochondrial genome maintenance in health and disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.03.010
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发表时间:
2014-07
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Longley, Matthew J.
Longley, Matthew J.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Copeland, William C.;Longley, Matthew J.

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人类线粒体含有一个必需的、高拷贝数的16,569个碱基对的环状DNA基因组,编码13个电子传递和氧化磷酸化所需的基因产物。这种基因组的突变会损害细胞的呼吸,最终导致各种进行性代谢性疾病,统称为“线粒体疾病”。线粒体DNA的突变和线粒体DNA突变在细胞和组织中的持久性是一个复杂的话题,涉及DNA复制、DNA损伤和修复、纯化选择、细胞器动力学、有丝分裂和衰老的相互作用。我们简要回顾了这些影响线粒体DNA维持的一般因素,并重点介绍了编码线粒体DNA复制机制的核基因,该机制可以扰乱线粒体基因组的遗传完整性。
Human mitochondria harbor an essential, high copy number, 16,569 base pair, circular DNA genome that encodes 13 gene products required for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Mutation of this genome can compromise cellular respiration, ultimately resulting in a variety of progressive metabolic diseases collectively known as ‘mitochondrial diseases’. Mutagenesis of mtDNA and the persistence of mtDNA mutations in cells and tissues is a complex topic, involving the interplay of DNA replication, DNA damage and repair, purifying selection, organelle dynamics, mitophagy, and aging. We briefly review these general elements that affect maintenance of mtDNA, and we focus on nuclear genes encoding the mtDNA replication machinery that can perturb the genetic integrity of the mitochondrial genome.
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