Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk

Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk
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全球火山危害和风险

DOI:
10.1017/cbo9781316276273.004
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brown S
Brown S
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brown S

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据估计,全世界86个国家和更多海外领土的活火山周围100公里范围内居住着8亿人[见第4章和附录B]1.火山是地球是一个充满活力的星球的有力证据,其特点是无休止的变化和更新。人类一直认为火山活动令人着迷,并经常选择居住在火山附近,火山通常为生命提供有利的环境。火山给社会带来了许多好处:喷发使土壤肥沃;高地地势为基础设施提供了良好的场地(例如高地上的通讯);水资源通常丰富;火山旅游可能有利可图;火山可以获得精神、美学或宗教意义。一些火山还与地热资源有关,使其成为勘探的目标和潜在的能源资源。许多时候,火山不会构成威胁,因为它们很少喷发,或者因为社区对频繁喷发的火山变得有弹性。然而,长期休眠的火山重新苏醒或火山产生异常大的或意想不到的喷发的危险一直存在。火山喷发会造成暴露社区的生命和生计损失,破坏或扰乱关键基础设施,并增加本已脆弱的压力。
An estimated 800 million people live within 100 km of an active volcano in 86 countries and additional overseas territories worldwide [see Chapter 4 and Appendix B] 1. Volcanoes are compelling evidence that the Earth is a dynamic planet characterised by endless change and renewal. Humans have always found volcanic activity fascinating and have often chosen to live close to volcanoes, which commonly provide favourable environments for life. Volcanoes bring many benefits to society: eruptions fertilise soils; elevated topography provides good sites for infrastructure (eg telecommunications on elevated ground); water resources are commonly plentiful; volcano tourism can be lucrative; and volcanoes can acquire spiritual, aesthetic or religious significance. Some volcanoes are also associated with geothermal resources, making them a target for exploration and a potential energy resource.Much of the time volcanoes are not a threat because they erupt very infrequently or because communities have become resilient to frequently erupting volcanoes. However, there is an everpresent danger of a long-dormant volcano re-awakening or of volcanoes producing anomalously large or unexpected eruptions. Volcanic eruptions can cause loss of life and livelihoods in exposed communities, damage or disrupt critical infrastructure and add stress to already fragile
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