Revisiting the Impact of Inversions in Evolution: From Population Genetic Markers to Drivers of Adaptive Shifts and Speciation?
Revisiting the Impact of Inversions in Evolution: From Population Genetic Markers to Drivers of Adaptive Shifts and Speciation?
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173532
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rieseberg LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffmann AA;Rieseberg LH
人们越来越认识到染色体倒位会影响适应率、物种形成和性染色体的进化。比较基因组研究已经发现了许多新的旁中心倒位多态性。群体模型表明，倒位可以通过减少等位基因之间的重组来传播，这些等位基因独立地增加适应性，而没有上位性或共适应。连锁不平衡区域延伸到大的倒转，但可能散布着很少不平衡的区域。位于倒位内的基因与多种性状相关，包括那些涉及气候适应的性状。倒位多态性可能通过由于不可存活的配子而产生优势不足而促进物种形成，但获得支持的另一种观点是倒位通过减少重组、保护基因组区域免于渗入来促进物种形成。同样，倒位可以通过减少性别决定等位基因和具有性别特异性效应的等位基因之间的重组来促进性染色体的进化。然而，很少有基因在倒位中负责适应性效应或物种形成。
There is a growing appreciation that chromosome inversions affect rates of adaptation, speciation, and the evolution of sex chromosomes. Comparative genomic studies have identified many new paracentric inversion polymorphisms. Population models suggest that inversions can spread by reducing recombination between alleles that independently increase fitness, without epistasis or coadaptation. Areas of linkage disequilibrium extend across large inversions but may be interspersed by areas with little disequilibrium. Genes located within inversions are associated with a variety of traits including those involved in climatic adaptation. Inversion polymorphisms may contribute to speciation by generating underdominance owing to inviable gametes, but an alternative view gaining support is that inversions facilitate speciation by reducing recombination, protecting genomic regions from introgression. Likewise, inversions may facilitate the evolution of sex chromosomes by reducing recombination between sex determining alleles and alleles with sex-specific effects. However, few genes within inversions responsible for fitness effects or speciation have been identified.
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