Structural Racial Discrimination and Structural Resilience: Measurement Precedes Change.
Structural Racial Discrimination and Structural Resilience: Measurement Precedes Change.
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DOI：
10.1093/gerona/glab344
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发表时间：
2022-02-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thorpe RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Szanton SL;LaFave SE;Thorpe RJ
生命历程的经历塑造了老年人的健康和福祉。美国对有色人种和族裔群体的基本和持续歧视使健康状况，特别是老年黑人美国人的健康状况长期存在，这是不平等和不公正的。在生活的各个领域，从教育到社区到工作和日常交流，老年美国黑人的生活和老年环境与老年白色美国人不同。我们的国家需要更精确地了解歧视到底是如何影响健康的。这期特刊包含了一些论文，旨在促进我们对歧视对老年美国黑人健康影响的理解。这些论文共同揭示了人际歧视及其对老年美国黑人健康影响之间的复杂关系。人际关系或感知歧视与炎症标志物（1），认知能力下降（2）和过早死亡（3）相关。在这个问题上，文章扩展了这一重要的工作，但与不直观的发现。西姆斯等人发现高血压和日常歧视之间缺乏联系（4）。然而，终身歧视与老年男性高血压的几率较高有关，而与老年女性无关。Hailu et al.发现日常歧视与端粒长度（加速衰老的标志）之间总体上没有关联，但确实发现，生活在社会凝聚力低的社区中有严重歧视经历的人的端粒长度较短（5）。论文指出，可能存在对生命过程中发生的事件的回忆偏差，谁活得足够长并且足够健康可以参加研究的生存偏差，或者那些愿意参加研究的人的选择偏差。除了这些批评之外，还有一种观点认为，测量对人际歧视的感知或人际歧视仅仅抓住了美国黑人一生中经历的不同结构的生活和压力源的一部分，尽管如此，这一点很重要。美国黑人在生活的主要领域所面临的结构上不同的经历可能比其他人对健康的影响更大。
Life-course experiences shape the health and well-being of older adults. The foundational and continuing discrimination in the United States toward racial and ethnic groups of color perpetuate health profiles, particularly of older Black Americans, that are unequal and unjust. In all realms of life from education to neighborhoods to jobs and daily interchanges, older Black Americans have lived and aged through dissimilar circumstances than older White Americans. Our country needs a more refined understanding of exactly how discrimination affects health.This special issue contains papers that seek to advance our understanding of the impact of discrimination on health among older Black Americans. Collectively these papers shed light on the complex relationships between interpersonal discrimination and its effect on health of older Black Americans. Interpersonal, or perceived discrimination is associated with inflammatory markers (1), cognitive decline (2), and premature mortality (3). In this issue, the articles extend this important body of work but with unintuitive findings. Sims et al. found a lack of association between hypertension and everyday discrimination (4). However, lifetime discrimination was associated with higher odds of hypertension among older men but not older women. Hailu et al. found no association overall between everyday discrimination and telomere length (a marker of accelerated aging) but did find that telomere length was shorter in those individuals with major experiences of discrimination who lived in neighborhoods with low social cohesion (5). The papers note that there may be recall bias for events that happened during the life course, survival bias of who lives long enough and is healthy enough to be in studies, or selection bias of those willing to enroll in studies. In addition to those critiques is the idea that measuring perception of or interpersonal discrimination merely captures a piece, important nonetheless, of the differently structured lives and stressors that Black Americans experience throughout life. The structurally different experiences that Black Americans face in the major sectors of life may have more health impact than
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影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Barnes, Lisa L.;de Leon, Carlos F. Mendes;Evans, Denis A.
通讯作者：
Evans, Denis A.
影响因子：
15.1
作者：
Chantarat T;Van Riper DC;Hardeman RR
通讯作者：
Hardeman RR
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Szanton SL;Rifkind JM;Mohanty JG;Miller ER 3rd;Thorpe RJ;Nagababu E;Epel ES;Zonderman AB;Evans MK
通讯作者：
Evans MK
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Subramanyam, Malavika A.;James, Sherman A.;Wyatt, Sharon B.
通讯作者：
Wyatt, Sharon B.
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112305
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY, VOL 41
影响因子：
--
作者：
Phelan, Jo C.;Link, Bruce G.
通讯作者：
Link, Bruce G.