Calpain inhibition mediates autophagy-dependent protection against polyglutamine toxicity.

Calpain inhibition mediates autophagy-dependent protection against polyglutamine toxicity.
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DOI:
10.1038/cdd.2014.151
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发表时间:
2015-03
影响因子:
12.4
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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近年来,越来越多的证据表明,自噬诱导在许多神经退行性疾病的动物模型中具有保护作用。该领域的深入研究已经阐明了自噬可以上调的不同途径,重要的是要确定这些途径的调节如何影响体内疾病进展,因此,如果有的话,可能具有进一步的治疗相关性。此外,重要的是要了解这些目标途径的改变如何可能影响正常的生理时,组成性调制了很长一段时间,将需要治疗神经退行性疾病。在这里,我们评估了钙蛋白酶下调的潜在保护作用。我们证明,在果蝇中,钙蛋白酶敲低保护免受聚集和毒性的蛋白质,如突变亨廷顿蛋白,在自噬依赖的方式。此外,我们证明,过表达的钙蛋白酶抑制剂,钙蛋白酶抑制素,增加自噬体水平,并在小鼠模型的亨廷顿舞蹈病是保护,改善运动的迹象和延迟震颤的发作。重要的是,长期抑制钙蛋白酶不会导致小鼠出现任何明显的有害表型。因此,钙蛋白酶抑制或钙蛋白酶下游的自噬途径的激活可能是诸如亨廷顿病的疾病的合适的治疗靶点。
Over recent years, accumulated evidence suggests that autophagy induction is protective in animal models of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Intense research in the field has elucidated different pathways through which autophagy can be upregulated and it is important to establish how modulation of these pathways impacts upon disease progression in vivo and therefore which, if any, may have further therapeutic relevance. In addition, it is important to understand how alterations in these target pathways may affect normal physiology when constitutively modulated over a long time period, as would be required for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we evaluate the potential protective effect of downregulation of calpains. We demonstrate, in Drosophila, that calpain knockdown protects against the aggregation and toxicity of proteins, like mutant huntingtin, in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, overexpression of the calpain inhibitor, calpastatin, increases autophagosome levels and is protective in a mouse model of Huntington's disease, improving motor signs and delaying the onset of tremors. Importantly, long-term inhibition of calpains did not result in any overt deleterious phenotypes in mice. Thus, calpain inhibition, or activation of autophagy pathways downstream of calpains, may be suitable therapeutic targets for diseases like Huntington's disease.
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