Arsenophonus symbiosis with louse flies: multiple origins, coevolutionary dynamics, and metabolic significance.
Arsenophonus symbiosis with louse flies: multiple origins, coevolutionary dynamics, and metabolic significance.
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.00706-23
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发表时间：
2023-10-26
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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毒蛾是一种分布广泛的昆虫共生体，其生活策略从寄生到义务互惠都有不同。在完全以脊椎动物血液为生的昆虫中，互惠互利的毒蛾菌株被推定为提供昆虫宿主饮食中缺失的B类维生素。与采采蝇相关的专性吸血动物--河蜂科，此前曾被认为在几个独立的事件中获得了亚瑟王的共生体。基于对11株与河豚科相关的菌株的比较基因组分析，其中9株是新组装的，我们揭示了它们的基因组特征和系统发育关系。系统发育模式和基因组特征将这些菌株分为两种不同的类型。7个菌株表现出专性互惠共生的特征，基因组显著减少，系统发育分支较长。剩下的四个菌株聚集在短枝上，它们的基因组类似于自由生活的细菌或兼性共生体。无论是系统发育地位还是基因组特征都表明，河蜂科-蜂群的进化史是至少有四个独立起源的短期协同进化的混合体。通过比较的方法重建现有的毒鼠基因组中的维生素B途径，产生了两种类型的模式。一方面，它表明了不同种类的B族维生素在宿主-共生体相互作用中的不同重要性。虽然一些(核黄素、泛酸和叶酸)似乎是由所有与河豚科相关的专性共生体合成的，但其他一些(硫胺素、烟酰胺和钴胺)的途径大多缺失。另一方面，广泛的比较产生了可以作为进一步评估途径的完整性和功能性的基础的模式。专门以脊椎动物血液为生的昆虫利用共生细菌作为基本化合物的来源，例如维生素B。在虱蝇中，最常见的共生体起源于阿森松属，从广泛的昆虫中已知。在这里，我们分析了11个与虱蝇相关的毒蛾菌株的基因组特征、系统发育来源和代谢能力。我们发现，在虱子苍蝇中，阿森纳至少在四个独立的事件中建立了共生，达到了共生的不同阶段。这使得可以进行比较基因组分析，包括代谢能力的趋同。这一结果的意义是双重的。首先，基于对独立起源的亚瑟菌共生体的比较，确定了单独的B族维生素对昆虫宿主的重要性。这扩大了我们对昆虫-细菌共生的理论洞察力。第二个结果具有方法论意义。我们表明，比较方法揭示了基于单基因组分析难以识别的伪像。
Arsenophonus is a widespread insect symbiont with life strategies that vary from parasitism to obligate mutualism. In insects living exclusively on vertebrate blood, mutualistic Arsenophonus strains are presumed to provide B vitamins missing in the insect host diet. Hippoboscidae, obligate blood feeders related to tsetse flies, have been previously suggested to have acquired Arsenophonus symbionts in several independent events. Based on comparative genomic analyses of 11 Hippoboscidae-associated strains, 9 of them newly assembled, we reveal a wide range of their genomic characteristics and phylogenetic affiliations. Phylogenetic patterns and genomic traits split the strains into two different types. Seven strains display characteristics of obligate mutualists with significantly reduced genomes and long phylogenetic branches. The remaining four strains cluster on short branches, and their genomes resemble those of free-living bacteria or facultative symbionts. Both phylogenetic positions and genomic traits indicate that evolutionary history of the Hippoboscidae-Arsenophonus associations is a mixture of short-term coevolutions with at least four independent origins. The comparative approach to a reconstruction of B vitamin pathways across the available Arsenophonus genomes has produced two kinds of patterns. On one hand, it indicates the different importance of individual B vitamins in the host-symbiont interaction. While some (riboflavin, pantothenate, and folate) seem to be synthesized by all Hippoboscidae-associated obligate symbionts, pathways for others (thiamine, nicotinamide, and cobalamin) are mostly missing. On the other hand, the broad comparison has produced patterns that can serve as bases for further assessments of the pathways’ completeness and functionality. Insects that live exclusively on vertebrate blood utilize symbiotic bacteria as a source of essential compounds, e.g., B vitamins. In louse flies, the most frequent symbiont originated in genus Arsenophonus, known from a wide range of insects. Here, we analyze genomic traits, phylogenetic origins, and metabolic capacities of 11 Arsenophonus strains associated with louse flies. We show that in louse flies, Arsenophonus established symbiosis in at least four independent events, reaching different stages of symbiogenesis. This allowed for comparative genomic analysis, including convergence of metabolic capacities. The significance of the results is twofold. First, based on a comparison of independently originated Arsenophonus symbioses, it determines the importance of individual B vitamins for the insect host. This expands our theoretical insight into insect-bacteria symbiosis. The second outcome is of methodological significance. We show that the comparative approach reveals artifacts that would be difficult to identify based on a single-genome analysis.
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影响因子：
15
作者：
Hazra, Amrita B.;Han, Ying;Chatterjee, Abhishek;Zhang, Yang;Lai, Rung-Yi;Ealick, Steven E.;Begley, Tadhg P.
通讯作者：
Begley, Tadhg P.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
HYPSA, V
通讯作者：
HYPSA, V
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Bankevich, Anton;Nurk, Sergey;Pevzner, Pavel A.
通讯作者：
Pevzner, Pavel A.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Ito, K;Murphy, D
通讯作者：
Murphy, D