Seismic Imaging of the Base of the Ocean Plates

Seismic Imaging of the Base of the Ocean Plates
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海洋板块底部的地震成像

DOI:
10.1002/9781119249740.ch4
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Lithospheric Discontinuities
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
S. Tharimena
S. Tharimena
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Rychert;N. Harmon;S. Tharimena

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海洋板块的历史简单而短暂,使其成为构造板块最直接的认识,也是研究其厚度和定义的理想地点。海洋板块在山脊处形成,然后随着年龄的增长而冷却和增厚。包括测深和热流在内的观测结果支持了这一点。在较古老的海底之下,观察到的年龄趋势更为温和。表面波还发现板块地震速度和厚度随着年龄的增长而增加,这与冷却板块一致,在年龄较大时可能会更加减弱。远震散射波发现了一个不连续性,该不连续性随着年轻海底下方的年龄而增加,并且在较旧海底下方 64±11 公里深度处以散射为中心而变平。主动源反射支持相似深度的低速通道。不连续性和通道深度以冷却板预测的逐渐速度下降为中心,并且也通过表面波成像。散射波所暗示的不连续性比热模型通常预测的更尖锐。这表明,尽管板块厚度是受热控制的,但需要另一种机制来定义海洋板块的底部,例如融化。尽管精确的深度分辨率和定义海洋板块底部的联系具有挑战性,但各向异性约束对于我们了解板块也很重要。
The ocean plates have a simple and short history, making them the most straightforward realization of the tectonic plate, and the ideal location to study its thickness and definition. Ocean plates form at the ridge before cooling and thickening with age. This is supported by observations that include bathymetry and heat flow. Beneath older seafloor the observed age trend is more muted. Surface waves also find plate seismic velocity and thickness increasing with age, consistent with a cooling plate, possibly more muted at older ages. Teleseismic scattered waves find a discontinuity that increases in depth with age beneath young seafloor, flattening with a scatter centered at 64 ± 11 km depth beneath older seafloor. Active source reflections support low‐velocity channels at similar depths. The discontinuity and channel depths are centered on the gradual velocity drops predicted for a cooling plate and also imaged by surface waves. The discontinuities implied by scattered waves are sharper than typically predicted for a thermal model. This suggests that although plate thickness is thermally controlled, another mechanism is required to define the base of ocean plates, such as melt. Anisotropic constraints are also important for our understanding of the plate, although precise depth resolution and links to defining the base of ocean plates are challenging.
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