Weight estimation in a "deafferented" man and in control subjects: are judgements influenced by peripheral or central signals?
Weight estimation in a "deafferented" man and in control subjects: are judgements influenced by peripheral or central signals?
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“耳聋”人和对照受试者的体重估计：判断是否受到外周或中枢信号的影响？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
G. Gauthier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Miall;H. A. Ingram;J. Cole;G. Gauthier
抽象的。目前还不确定在判断所持物体的重量时，哪些信息来源是最重要的。为了进一步研究这个问题，一名“去感觉神经”男子和五名对照组屈曲手腕举起了一个1000克重的容器。手臂和重量的直接视觉被拒绝；每次试验开始时，受试者都会在示波器上显示容器的垂直位置，然后在大多数实验条件下，这种显示被移除。然后，S的体重在20多年内逐渐增加或减少，或者伪随机地保持不变。每次审判结束时，都需要对体重的变化做出口头判断，持续20或40天。在这种情况下，被试无法正确判断体重的变化(准确率38%，N.S.χ2，相比之下，对照组的准确率为77%)，即使是对照组，当暴露在肌肉振动中时，也会犯许多错误(准确率为54%)。然而，在许多试验中，包括重量不变的试验，容器的垂直高度不是由受试者保持恒定的，而是向上或向下漂移(平均绝对漂移：大约2厘米)。因此，在大多数试验中，观察者可以估计肌肉激活或僵硬的变化。这使得“去传入”的人和经历肌肉振动的对照受试者的言语判断都与产生的肌肉激活相关，而与实际测试的体重无关。根据这些位置漂移所暗示的肌肉活动变化的方向，对受试者在振动过程中的反应进行事后预测，对于±750g和±375g任务，准确率分别为77%和66%，对于前臂振动试验，准确率为73%(P<；0.0001，χ2)。对“去传入”受试者的反应的预测是%准确的(P=0.0002，χ2)，即使他自己的反应相对于实际的体重变化处于一个偶然的水平。这些受试者做出的判断可能是基于外周感觉输入，因为“去传入”的人体内仍然存在细小的传入纤维，而在对照受试者中，振动只是部分阻断了感觉功能。注意尽量减少所有其他可能的体重变化迹象，例如前庭、体温、压力或疼痛迹象。然而，外围输入可能并不是受试者在知觉判断中使用的唯一信号。相反，它们可能是基于一种中枢起源的、但虚幻的身体位置变化感觉，或者可能是基于不断变化的努力感觉。在这两种情况下，自愿肌肉激活和身体形象之间的感知不一致可能是受试者反应的基础。我们的数据还不能让我们区分这些可供选择的外周和中枢假设，但确实强调了将对身体位置和运动的感知包括在力量控制判断中的必要性。
Abstract. It is not yet certain which sources of information are most important in judging the weight of a held object. In order to study this question further, a "deafferented" man and five controls flexed their wrist to lift a container weighing 1000 g. Direct vision of the arm and weight was denied; the container's vertical position was displayed to the subjects on an oscilloscope at the start of each trial and, then, in most experimental conditions, this display was removed. The weight was then either gradually increased or decreased over 20 s or left unchanged, on a pseudorandom basis. A verbal judgement of its change was required at the end of each trial, lasting 20 or 40 s. Under these conditions, the "deafferented" subject was unable to correctly judge the weight changes (38% accuracy, n.s. χ2, compared with 77% in control subjects), and even the control subjects, when exposed to muscle vibration, made many errors (54% accuracy). However, in many trials, including those in which the weight was unchanged, the vertical height of the container was not held constant by the subjects, but drifted up or down (mean absolute drift: approximately 2 cm). Hence, the change in muscular activation or stiffness could be estimated by the observers in the majority of trials. This allowed the verbal judgements of both the "deafferented" man and of control subjects undergoing muscle vibration to be correlated with the muscle activation produced, independent of the actual weight being tested. Post-hoc predictions of controls' responses during vibration, based on the direction of the change in muscle activity which these drifts in position implied, were 77% and 66% accurate for ±750 g and ±375 g tasks and 73% accurate for forearm-vibration trials (P<0.0001, χ2). Predictions of the "deafferented" subject's responses were 64% accurate (P=0.0002, χ2), even though his own responses were at a chance level with respect to the actual weight change. The judgements made by these subjects might have been based upon a peripheral sensory input, as small afferent fibres are still present in the "deafferented" man and vibration only partly blocked sensory function in the control subjects. Care was taken to minimise all other possible cues to the weight changes, e.g. vestibular, thermal, pressure or pain cues. However, peripheral inputs may not be the only signals used in the subjects' perceptual judgements. They might, instead, be based upon a centrally originating, but illusory changing sense of body position or, possibly, a changing sense of effort. In both cases, a perceived discordance between voluntary muscle activation and body image could underlie the subjects' responses. Our data do not yet allow us to distinguish between these alternative peripheral and central hypotheses, but do highlight the need to include perceptions of body position and motion into judgements of force control.
疲劳期间和体型-重量错觉期间对努力和沉重的感知。
DOI：
10.1080/08990229771051
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
Somatosensory & motor research.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Burgess,PR;Jones,LF
通讯作者：
Jones,LF
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
GHEZ, C;GORDON, J;GHILARDI, MF
通讯作者：
GHILARDI, MF
人类的肌肉力量感和某种感觉传入信息。
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Sanes,JN;Shadmehr,R
通讯作者：
Shadmehr,R