Facial asymmetry tracks genetic diversity among Gorilla subspecies.

Facial asymmetry tracks genetic diversity among Gorilla subspecies.
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DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2021.2564
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发表时间:
2022-02-23
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Heuzé Y
Heuzé Y
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
McGrath K;Eriksen AB;García-Martínez D;Galbany J;Gómez-Robles A;Massey JS;Fatica LM;Glowacka H;Arbenz-Smith K;Muvunyi R;Stoinski TS;Cranfield MR;Gilardi K;Shalukoma C;de Merode E;Gilissen E;Tocheri MW;McFarlin SC;Heuzé Y

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山地大猩猩是近亲繁殖的,与其他大猩猩,甚至是近亲繁殖最多的人类种群相比,山地大猩猩尤其如此。随着山地大猩猩骨骼材料在20世纪70年代积累,研究人员注意到它们明显的面部不对称,并假设这反映了整个种群的咀嚼侧偏好。然而,在实验模型中,不对称也与环境和遗传压力有关。在这里,我们使用3D几何形态计量学研究了来自三个大猩猩亚种的114个头盖骨的面部不对称性。我们测量波动不对称(FA),定义为完全对称的随机偏离,以及特定于人群的方向性不对称(DA)模式。山地大猩猩目前的种群数量约为1000只,面部FA程度最高(可解释面部形状总变异的17%),其次是格劳尔大猩猩(9%)和西部低地大猩猩(6%),尽管后者经历了最大的生态和饮食变化。DA虽然在所有三个分类群中都有显著意义,但解释的形状变异相对较少。在山地大猩猩的亚样本中,面部不对称既不与牙齿磨损不对称相关,也不随年龄增加而增加,这削弱了面部不对称是由咀嚼侧偏好驱动的假设。对时间趋势的研究表明,在过去的100年里,在这些濒危的类人猿中,应激诱导的发育不稳定性有所增加。
Mountain gorillas are particularly inbred compared to other gorillas and even the most inbred human populations. As mountain gorilla skeletal material accumulated during the 1970s, researchers noted their pronounced facial asymmetry and hypothesized that it reflects a population-wide chewing side preference. However, asymmetry has also been linked to environmental and genetic stress in experimental models. Here, we examine facial asymmetry in 114 crania from three Gorilla subspecies using 3D geometric morphometrics. We measure fluctuating asymmetry (FA), defined as random deviations from perfect symmetry, and population-specific patterns of directional asymmetry (DA). Mountain gorillas, with a current population size of about 1000 individuals, have the highest degree of facial FA (explaining 17% of total facial shape variation), followed by Grauer gorillas (9%) and western lowland gorillas (6%), despite the latter experiencing the greatest ecological and dietary variability. DA, while significant in all three taxa, explains relatively less shape variation than FA does. Facial asymmetry correlates neither with tooth wear asymmetry nor increases with age in a mountain gorilla subsample, undermining the hypothesis that facial asymmetry is driven by chewing side preference. An examination of temporal trends shows that stress-induced developmental instability has increased over the last 100 years in these endangered apes.
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