The role of extracellular vesicles in regulating local and systemic inflammation in cardiovascular disease.
The role of extracellular vesicles in regulating local and systemic inflammation in cardiovascular disease.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105692
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Dutta P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohayon L;Zhang X;Dutta P
细胞外囊泡是由细胞膜包围的异质结构，携带复杂的内容物，包括核苷酸、蛋白质和脂质。这些蛋白质包括细胞因子和趋化因子，它们对夸大局部和全身性炎症很重要。细胞外囊泡主要分为外泌体和微囊泡，它们分别直接从内体系统脱落或起源于细胞膜。通过将几种生物活性分子运送到受体细胞和组织，细胞外囊泡对其靶标具有有利、中性或有害的影响，例如切换细胞表型、调节基因表达、控制炎症细胞募集、骨髓细胞活化和细胞增殖等生物学途径。细胞外囊泡通过自分泌和旁分泌信号介导这些功能。在心血管系统中，细胞外囊泡可由多种细胞类型分泌，如心肌细胞、平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞等，影响远端器官细胞或组织的功能。这些作用包括维持体内平衡、调节炎症和触发心血管疾病的病理过程。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注微囊泡和外泌体这两种重要的细胞外囊泡亚型在心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化和心力衰竭等心血管疾病的局部和全身炎症中的作用。我们总结了最近关于细胞外囊泡在控制体液和细胞免疫中的作用的发现和知识，以及利用这些知识来控制心血管疾病中加剧的炎症的治疗方法。
Extracellular vesicles are heterogeneous structures surrounded by cell membranes and carry complex contents including nucleotides, proteins, and lipids. These proteins include cytokines and chemokines that are important for exaggerating local and systemic inflammation in disease. Extracellular vesicles are mainly categorized as exosomes and micro-vesicles, which are directly shed from the endosomal system or originated from the cell membrane, respectively. By transporting several bioactive molecules to recipient cells and tissues, extracellular vesicles have favorable, neutral, or detrimental impacts on their targets, such as switching cell phenotype, modulating gene expression, and controlling biological pathways such as inflammatory cell recruitment, activation of myeloid cells and cell proliferation. Extracellular vesicles mediate these functions via both autocrine and paracrine signaling. In the cardiovascular system, extracellular vesicles can be secreted by multiple cell types like cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, and affect functions of cells or tissues in distant organs. These effects involve maintaining homeostasis, regulating inflammation, and triggering pathological process in cardiovascular disease. In this review, we mainly focus on the role of micro-vesicles and exosomes, two important subtypes of extracellular vesicles, in local and systemic inflammation in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and heart failure. We summarize recent findings and knowledge on the effect of extracellular vesicles in controlling both humoral and cellular immunity, and the therapeutic approaches to harness this knowledge to control exacerbated inflammation in cardiovascular diseases.
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作者：
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发表时间：
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