Disrupting HIV-1 capsid formation causes cGAS sensing of viral DNA.

Disrupting HIV-1 capsid formation causes cGAS sensing of viral DNA.
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DOI:
10.15252/embj.2019103958
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发表时间:
2020-10-15
期刊:
The EMBO journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Towers GJ
Towers GJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sumner RP;Harrison L;Touizer E;Peacock TP;Spencer M;Zuliani-Alvarez L;Towers GJ

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通过环GMP-AMP合酶(cGAS)检测病毒DNA是导致I型干扰素(IFN)产生的第一道防线。由于HIV-1复制不是IFN的强诱导剂,我们假设完整的衣壳物理上掩盖了来自cGAS的病毒DNA。为了测试这一点,我们通过用HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂处理或通过gag的遗传操作产生了有缺陷的病毒颗粒。这些病毒具有缺陷的Gag切割、降低的感染性和降低的使TRIM 5 α饱和的能力。重要的是,与野生型HIV-1不同,切割缺陷型HIV-1感染在THP-1细胞中触发了依赖于病毒DNA和cGAS的IFN应答。在用裂解缺陷型病毒感染的原代人巨噬细胞中也观察到IFN应答。在衣壳不稳定小分子PF-74存在下的感染也诱导cGAS依赖性IFN应答。这些数据证明了衣壳的保护作用,并表明靶向衣壳和蛋白酶的抗病毒药物的抗病毒活性可能受益于体内增强的先天性和适应性免疫。 HIV-1使用其衣壳以物理方式保护病毒逆转录物免受DNA传感器cGAS的检测,因此衣壳完整性/稳定性的破坏增强了先天免疫感测,这可以在治疗上加以利用。
Detection of viral DNA by cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) is a first line of defence leading to the production of type I interferon (IFN). As HIV‐1 replication is not a strong inducer of IFN, we hypothesised that an intact capsid physically cloaks viral DNA from cGAS. To test this, we generated defective viral particles by treatment with HIV‐1 protease inhibitors or by genetic manipulation of gag. These viruses had defective Gag cleavage, reduced infectivity and diminished capacity to saturate TRIM5α. Importantly, unlike wild‐type HIV‐1, infection with cleavage defective HIV‐1 triggered an IFN response in THP‐1 cells that was dependent on viral DNA and cGAS. An IFN response was also observed in primary human macrophages infected with cleavage defective viruses. Infection in the presence of the capsid destabilising small molecule PF‐74 also induced a cGAS‐dependent IFN response. These data demonstrate a protective role for capsid and suggest that antiviral activity of capsid‐ and protease‐targeting antivirals may benefit from enhanced innate and adaptive immunity in vivo. HIV‐1 uses its capsid to physically protect viral reverse transcripts from detection by the DNA sensor cGAS, thus disruption of capsid integrity/stability enhances innate immune sensing that may be harnessed therapeutically.
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