Determinants of dwell time in visual search: similarity or perceptual difficulty?
Determinants of dwell time in visual search: similarity or perceptual difficulty?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0017740
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发表时间：
2011-03-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Becker SI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker SI
本研究考察了在视觉搜索任务中决定停留时间的因素，即凝视保持在物体上的持续时间。有人建议，物品与搜索目标的相似性应该是停留时间的重要决定因素，因为停留时间被用来反映作为干扰而拒绝物品所需的时间，并且这种区分被认为是物品与搜索目标越相似就越难区分。与这一相似观点一致，先前的一项研究表明，在寻找细线宽的目标环时，Landolt C的干扰物在细线宽上的停留时间比在粗线宽或中等线宽的Landolt C上的停留时间长。然而，在薄的兰道C上停留时间可能会更长，因为细的线宽使其更难检测刺激是否有间隙。因此，一个悬而未决的问题是，细线宽干扰物的停留时间更长，是因为它们与目标相似，还是因为知觉决定更困难。本研究通过测量当目标具有细、中、粗三种线宽时，在细线宽、中等线宽和粗线宽干扰物上的停留时间，将相似性从知觉困难中分离出来。结果表明，在所有目标条件下，无论线条宽度如何，在目标相似的刺激上的停留时间都比在目标相似的刺激上的停留时间长。结论是，先前发现的较长驻留时间在细线宽干扰物上可以明确地归因于目标相似性。正如将在最后讨论的，对驻留时间的相似性效应的发现对于当前的视觉搜索和眼动控制理论具有重要的意义。
The present study examined the factors that determine the dwell times in a visual search task, that is, the duration the gaze remains fixated on an object. It has been suggested that an item’s similarity to the search target should be an important determiner of dwell times, because dwell times are taken to reflect the time needed to reject the item as a distractor, and such discriminations are supposed to be harder the more similar an item is to the search target. In line with this similarity view, a previous study shows that, in search for a target ring of thin line-width, dwell times on thin linewidth Landolt C’s distractors were longer than dwell times on Landolt C’s with thick or medium linewidth. However, dwell times may have been longer on thin Landolt C’s because the thin line-width made it harder to detect whether the stimuli had a gap or not. Thus, it is an open question whether dwell times on thin line-width distractors were longer because they were similar to the target or because the perceptual decision was more difficult. The present study de-coupled similarity from perceptual difficulty, by measuring dwell times on thin, medium and thick line-width distractors when the target had thin, medium or thick line-width. The results showed that dwell times were longer on target-similar than target-dissimilar stimuli across all target conditions and regardless of the line-width. It is concluded that prior findings of longer dwell times on thin linewidth-distractors can clearly be attributed to target similarity. As will be discussed towards the end, the finding of similarity effects on dwell times has important implications for current theories of visual search and eye movement control.
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