The density structure and star formation rate of non-isothermal polytropic turbulence

The density structure and star formation rate of non-isothermal polytropic turbulence
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非等温多变湍流的密度结构和恒星形成速率

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stv180
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
S. Banerjee
S. Banerjee
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Federrath;S. Banerjee

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星系的星际介质是由超音速湍流控制的,它可能控制着恒星形成速率(SFR)和初始质量函数(IMF)。星际湍流具有非普适性,其马赫数、磁场强度和驱动机制的范围都很广。虽然研究了其中一些参数,但大多数先前的工作都假设气体是等温的。然而,我们知道冷分子云是由温暖的原子介质形成的,气体经过的化学和热力学阶段不是等温的。在这里,我们通过用多向状态方程(EOS)模拟非等温湍流来确定温度变化的作用,其中压力和温度是气体密度P~rho^Gamma, T~rho^(Gamma-1)的函数。我们使用2048^3单元格的网格分辨率,并比较多向指数Gamma=0.7(软EOS), Gamma=1(等温EOS)和Gamma=5/3(硬EOS)。我们发现一个复杂的非等温细丝网络,在Gamma 1中出现了更多的小尺度碎片,使密度对比变得平滑。密度概率分布函数(PDF)受温度变化的显著影响,Gamma bbb1在低密度时呈幂律尾状。相反,当Gamma<=1时,PDF更接近对数正态分布。我们推导并检验了一个考虑伽玛的新的密度方差-马赫数关系。这个新的关系与SFR和IMF的理论模型有关,因为它决定了恒星形成的云的致密气体质量分数。我们推导出SFR作为Gamma的函数,并发现它从Gamma=0.7到Gamma=5/3减少了约5倍。
The interstellar medium of galaxies is governed by supersonic turbulence, which likely controls the star formation rate (SFR) and the initial mass function (IMF). Interstellar turbulence is non-universal, with a wide range of Mach numbers, magnetic fields strengths, and driving mechanisms. Although some of these parameters were explored, most previous works assumed that the gas is isothermal. However, we know that cold molecular clouds form out of the warm atomic medium, with the gas passing through chemical and thermodynamic phases that are not isothermal. Here we determine the role of temperature variations by modelling non-isothermal turbulence with a polytropic equation of state (EOS), where pressure and temperature are functions of gas density, P~rho^Gamma, T~rho^(Gamma-1). We use grid resolutions of 2048^3 cells and compare polytropic exponents Gamma=0.7 (soft EOS), Gamma=1 (isothermal EOS), and Gamma=5/3 (stiff EOS). We find a complex network of non-isothermal filaments with more small-scale fragmentation occurring for Gamma 1 smoothes out density contrasts. The density probability distribution function (PDF) is significantly affected by temperature variations, with a power-law tail developing at low densities for Gamma>1. In contrast, the PDF becomes closer to a lognormal distribution for Gamma<=1. We derive and test a new density variance - Mach number relation that takes Gamma into account. This new relation is relevant for theoretical models of the SFR and IMF, because it determines the dense gas mass fraction of a cloud, from which stars form. We derive the SFR as a function of Gamma and find that it decreases by a factor of ~5 from Gamma=0.7 to Gamma=5/3.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16215.x
发表时间: 2010
影响因子: 4.8
作者:
Brunt C
通讯作者: Brunt C
第一批恒星和星系形成过程中的小规模发电机作用 - I 理想 MHD 极限
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015184
发表时间: 2010
影响因子: 6.5
作者:
Schleicher;D. R. G;Banerjee;Arshakian
通讯作者: Arshakian
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt503
发表时间: 2013
影响因子: 4.8
作者:
Schleicher;D. R. G;Schmidt;Niemeyer
通讯作者: Niemeyer