A statistical frame based TDMA protocol for human body communication.
A statistical frame based TDMA protocol for human body communication.
复制标题
基于统计帧的人体通信TDMA协议
DOI：
10.1186/s12938-015-0061-1
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发表时间：
2015-07-09
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wang L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nie Z;Li Z;Huang R;Liu Y;Li J;Wang L
背景人体通信（Human Body Communication，HBC）以人体为传输媒介，被认为是无线体域网（Wireless Body Area Network，WBAN）中最有前途的短距离通信之一。与传统的无线网络相比，基于HBC的WBAN存在两个挑战。(1)它的传感器节点应该是节能的，因为它是不方便的，以取代或充电的电池在这些传感器节点上;（2）协调器应该能够动态和快速的反应突发流量触发的传感器事件。这些突发业务条件包括重要的物理信号（心电图，脑电图等）。监测、人体运动检测（跌倒检测、活动监测、手势识别、运动传感等）为了应对上述挑战，本文提出了一种基于统计帧的TDMA（Statistical Frame Based TDMA，S-TDMA）协议，该协议具有多约束（能量、时延、传输效率和应急管理）服务，能够处理突发业务快速触发、低功耗和低时延的情况。信标帧包含同步和轮询信息，旨在减少请求帧冲突的可能性。采用统计帧广播统一调度信息，避免了分组碰撞、空闲侦听和偷听。提出了动态时隙分配机制来管理突发业务，减少每个信标周期中的活动周期。提出了一种用于传输生命信号的应急机制。结果为了验证其可行性，S-TDMA在我们自主开发的HBC平台上完全实现，其中四个传感器节点和一个协调器固定在人体上。实验结果表明，当有效载荷为122字节时，S-TDMA每20 s的开销为89.397 mJ，比轻量级MAC（LMAC）低9.51%，平均数据延迟为6.3 ms，比基于前导码的TDMA（PB-TDMA）低7.02%; S-TDMA协议的传输效率为93.67%，比IEEE802.15.6载波侦听多路访问/冲突避免（CSMA/CA）协议高4.83%。与传统协议相比，结果表明，S-TDMA成功地满足了HBC的延迟和传输效率的要求，同时保持了较低的能量消耗。我们也相信我们的S-TDMA协议将促进HBC在可穿戴应用中的发展。
BackgroundHuman body communication (HBC) using the human body as the transmission medium, which has been regarded as one of the most promising short-range communications in wireless body area networks (WBAN). Compared to the traditional wireless networks, two challenges are existed in HBC based WBAN. (1) Its sensor nodes should be energy saving since it is inconvenient to replace or recharge the battery on these sensor nodes; (2) the coordinator should be able to react dynamically and rapidly to the burst traffic triggered by sensing events. Those burst traffic conditions include vital physical signal (electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram etc.) monitoring, human motion detection (fall detection, activity monitoring, gesture recognition, motion sensing etc.) and so on. To cope with aforementioned challenges, a statistical frame based TDMA (S-TDMA) protocol with multi-constrained (energy, delay, transmission efficiency and emergency management) service is proposed in this paper.MethodsThe scenarios where burst traffic is often triggered rapidly with low power consumption and low delay is handled in our proposed S-TDMA. A beacon frame with the contained synchronous and poll information is designed to reduce the possibility of collisions of request frames. A statistical frame which broadcasts the unified scheduling information is adopted to avoid packet collisions, idle listening and overhearing. Dynamic time slot allocation mechanism is presented to manage the burst traffic and reduce the active period in each beacon period. An emergency mechanism is proposed for vital signals to be transmitted. The theory analysis is proceed and the result is evaluated in the hardware platform.ResultsTo verify its feasibility, S-TDMA was fully implemented on our independently-developed HBC platform where four sensor nodes and a coordinator are fastened on a human body. Experiment results show that S-TDMA costs 89.397 mJ every 20 s when the payload size is 122 bytes, 9.51% lower than Lightweight MAC (LMAC); the average data latency of S-TDMA is 6.3 ms, 7.02% lower than Preamble-based TDMA (PB-TDMA); the transmission efficiency of S-TDMA is 93.67%, 4.83% higher than IEEE 802.15.6 carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol.ConclusionsWith respect to the challenges of HBC based WBANs, a novel S-TDMA protocol was proposed in this paper. Compared to the traditional protocols, the results demonstrate that S-TDMA successfully meets the delay and transmission efficiency requirements of HBC while keeping a low energy consumption. We also believe that our S-TDMA protocol will promote development of HBC in wearable applications.
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影响因子：
35.6
作者：
Charfi, Emna;Chaari, Lamia;Kamoun, Lotfi
通讯作者：
Kamoun, Lotfi
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Anastasi, Giuseppe;Conti, Marco;Di Francesco, Mario
通讯作者：
Di Francesco, Mario
DOI：
10.1109/tbcas.2008.2003431
发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Omeni, Okundu;Wong, Alan Chi Wai;Toumazou, Christofer
通讯作者：
Toumazou, Christofer
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Chung, Joo Won;Hwang, Hye Jin;Song, Si Young
通讯作者：
Song, Si Young
影响因子：
6
作者：
Ha, Rick W.;Ho, Pin-Han;Shen, X. Sherman
通讯作者：
Shen, X. Sherman