How attention extracts objects from noise.

How attention extracts objects from noise.
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注意力如何从噪音中提取物体。

DOI:
10.1152/jn.00127.2013
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Tong,Frank
Tong,Frank
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pratte,MichaelS;Ling,Sam;Swisher,JaschaD;Tong,Frank

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视觉系统非常擅长从嘈杂、杂乱的环境中提取相关的物体信息。尽管众所周知注意力可以增强感官处理,但注意力从噪音中提取相关信息的机制还没有得到很好的理解。根据感知模板模型,注意力可以放大对所有视觉输入的反应,或者它可以充当噪声过滤器,抑制对无关视觉噪声的反应。放大允许在没有视觉噪声的情况下提高性能,而噪声过滤机制只能在目标刺激出现在噪声中时提高性能。在这里,我们使用功能磁共振成像来研究注意力如何在视觉通路的多个层次上调节皮质对物体的反应。参与者观看了面孔,房屋,椅子和鞋子的图像,这些图像以不同程度的视觉噪音呈现。我们使用多体素模式分析来预测观看的对象类别,为出席和无人值守的刺激,在个人视觉领域的皮层活动模式。早期的视觉区域,V1和V2,只有在高水平的视觉噪音下才能表现出注意力的优势,这表明注意力在这些早期部位通过噪音过滤机制运作。相比之下,注意力导致对无噪声图像的增强处理(即,放大)仅在较高视觉区域中,包括V4区、梭状面区、中梭状区和外侧枕叶皮质。总之,这些结果表明,注意力通过在早期视觉区域对视觉输入进行降噪并在视觉处理的更高阶段放大这种降噪信号来提高人们辨别物体的能力。
The visual system is remarkably proficient at extracting relevant object information from noisy, cluttered environments. Although attention is known to enhance sensory processing, the mechanisms by which attention extracts relevant information from noise are not well understood. According to the perceptual template model, attention may act to amplify responses to all visual input, or it may act as a noise filter, dampening responses to irrelevant visual noise. Amplification allows for improved performance in the absence of visual noise, whereas a noise-filtering mechanism can only improve performance if the target stimulus appears in noise. Here, we used fMRI to investigate how attention modulates cortical responses to objects at multiple levels of the visual pathway. Participants viewed images of faces, houses, chairs, and shoes, presented in various levels of visual noise. We used multivoxel pattern analysis to predict the viewed object category, for attended and unattended stimuli, from cortical activity patterns in individual visual areas. Early visual areas, V1 and V2, exhibited a benefit of attention only at high levels of visual noise, suggesting that attention operates via a noise-filtering mechanism at these early sites. By contrast, attention led to enhanced processing of noise-free images (i.e., amplification) only in higher visual areas, including area V4, fusiform face area, mid-Fusiform area, and the lateral occipital cortex. Together, these results suggest that attention improves people's ability to discriminate objects by de-noising visual input in early visual areas and amplifying this noise-reduced signal at higher stages of visual processing.
人类视觉皮层的不确定性和不变性。
DOI: 10.1152/jn.01367.2005
发表时间: 2006
影响因子: 2.5
作者:
Tjan,BoscoS;Lestou,Vaia;Kourtzi,Zoe
通讯作者: Kourtzi,Zoe
视觉信号检测中依赖于掩模的注意提示效应:对比度的心理测量函数
DOI: --
发表时间: 2004
期刊: Perception & Psychophysics
影响因子: --
作者:
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DOI: 10.1167/2.4.4
发表时间: 2002-01-01
期刊: JOURNAL OF VISION
影响因子: 1.8
作者:
Lu, Zhong-Lin;Lesmes, Luis A.;Dosher, Barbara A.
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DOI: 10.1152/jn.00812.2009
发表时间: 2010-03-01
影响因子: 2.5
作者:
Hsieh, P. -J.;Vul, E.;Kanwisher, N.
通讯作者: Kanwisher, N.
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/7.2.181
发表时间: 1997-03-01
期刊: CEREBRAL CORTEX
影响因子: 3.7
作者:
Engel, SA;Glover, GH;Wandell, BA
通讯作者: Wandell, BA