Adult Neurogenesis and Stroke: A Tale of Two Neurogenic Niches.
Adult Neurogenesis and Stroke: A Tale of Two Neurogenic Niches.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2021.700297
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Keiner S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ceanga M;Dahab M;Witte OW;Keiner S
在急性中风后，许多信号级联信号被激活，这些信号级联信号既在病灶周围区域也在更远端区域重塑大脑。尽管卒中的急性治疗不断改进，对卒中病理生理学的研究也在持续进行，但我们对缺血性损伤的延迟和慢性反应的综合认识严重滞后。因此，一些中风诱导的细胞反应的有益或不适应的影响尚不清楚，限制了针对长期并发症的治疗策略的进步。中风的一个显著延迟效应是成人神经发生的强劲增长，这为应对中风幸存者的神经缺陷的再生策略带来了希望。在成人大脑中，已知有两个区域可以从内源性干细胞产生新的神经元：海马室下区(SVZ)和齿状颗粒下区(SGZ)。虽然这两个生态位的反应是卒中后神经再生增加，但在随后的生存、迁移和成熟阶段存在显著的地区差异，这可能会对功能结果产生不同的影响。外部干预，如康复训练，通过独立地调节成人神经发生的过程，增加了进一步的复杂性。本文综述了缺血性卒中对SVZ和SGZ神经发生的影响，以及运动活动或丰富环境(EE)等外源性刺激的影响。此外，我们还讨论了卒中后SVZ或SGZ神经发生对感觉、运动和认知恢复的贡献。
In the aftermath of an acute stroke, numerous signaling cascades that reshape the brain both in the perilesional zone as well as in more distal regions are activated. Despite continuous improvement in the acute treatment of stroke and the sustained research efforts into the pathophysiology of stroke, we critically lag in our integrated understanding of the delayed and chronic responses to ischemic injury. As such, the beneficial or maladaptive effect of some stroke-induced cellular responses is unclear, restricting the advancement of therapeutic strategies to target long-term complications. A prominent delayed effect of stroke is the robust increase in adult neurogenesis, which raises hopes for a regenerative strategy to counter neurological deficits in stroke survivors. In the adult brain, two regions are known to generate new neurons from endogenous stem cells: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. While both niches respond with an increase in neurogenesis post-stroke, there are significant regional differences in the ensuing stages of survival, migration, and maturation, which may differently influence functional outcome. External interventions such as rehabilitative training add a further layer of complexity by independently modulating the process of adult neurogenesis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of ischemic stroke on neurogenesis in the SVZ and in the SGZ, and the influence of exogenous stimuli such as motor activity or enriched environment (EE). In addition, we discuss the contribution of SVZ or SGZ post-stroke neurogenesis to sensory, motor and cognitive recovery.
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