Population genetics of Schistosoma japonicum within the Philippines suggest high levels of transmission between humans and dogs.
Population genetics of Schistosoma japonicum within the Philippines suggest high levels of transmission between humans and dogs.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000340
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Webster JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rudge JW;Carabin H;Balolong E;Tallo V;Shrivastava J;Lu DB;Basáñez MG;Olveda R;McGarvey ST;Webster JP
日本血吸虫仍然是菲律宾和中国大陆的一个主要公共卫生问题，是唯一被认为重要的人畜共患传播的寄生虫物种。虽然牛被怀疑是中国部分地区主要的人畜共患病宿主，但各种非人类哺乳动物对S。日本血吸虫在菲律宾的传播仍有待确定。我们研究了S.日本血吸虫在菲律宾，以阐明跨宿主物种和地理区域的传播模式。 S.在萨马尔省的两个地理区域收集了来自人、狗、猪和大鼠的日本血吸虫毛蚴（从粪便样品中的卵孵化）和来自蜗牛中间宿主的尾蚴。然后使用7个多重微卫星位点对单个分离株进行基因分型。Wright的FST值和寄生虫种群的系统发育树表明，寄生虫基因在最终宿主物种之间的流动频率很高，特别是在狗和人之间。寄生虫的遗传分化地区之间是不明显的，在最终的主机水平，可能表明频繁的进口和出口的村庄之间的感染，虽然有一些证据表明，在蜗牛中间宿主水平的地理结构。这些结果表明在宿主物种之间的传播水平非常高，并表明在规划控制方案时应考虑狗的作用。此外，建议在人口移徙广泛的地区采取区域性的治疗方案。血吸虫病是一种由被称为寄生虫的寄生蠕虫引起的疾病，全世界约有2亿人感染。在菲律宾和中国一样，引起这种疾病的血吸虫（日本血吸虫）不仅感染人类，而且感染许多其他哺乳动物。在中国，牛被认为对于携带和传播沙门氏菌特别重要。日本血吸虫，而在菲律宾，牛的感染相对罕见。然而，狗、鼠和猪经常感染S。日本血吸虫在菲律宾，虽然在这些动物中的感染可能引起人类感染的程度尚不清楚。为了帮助回答这个问题，我们描述了菲律宾萨马省寄生虫的遗传变异，发现S。来自人、狗、大鼠和猪的日本血吸虫样品在遗传上非常相似，在来自人和狗的样品之间没有显著的遗传差异。这表明，在菲律宾，这种寄生虫经常在不同的哺乳动物物种之间传播，特别是在狗和人之间。因此，降低狗的感染水平可能有助于减少人类的感染。结果还表明，地理区域之间的传播水平很高，因此建议对治疗方案进行区域协调。
Schistosoma japonicum, which remains a major public health problem in the Philippines and mainland China, is the only schistosome species for which zoonotic transmission is considered important. While bovines are suspected as the main zoonotic reservoir in parts of China, the relative contributions of various non-human mammals to S. japonicum transmission in the Philippines remain to be determined. We examined the population genetics of S. japonicum in the Philippines in order to elucidate transmission patterns across host species and geographic areas. S. japonicum miracidia (hatched from eggs within fecal samples) from humans, dogs, pigs and rats, and cercariae shed from snail-intermediate hosts, were collected across two geographic areas of Samar Province. Individual isolates were then genotyped using seven multiplexed microsatellite loci. Wright's FST values and phylogenetic trees calculated for parasite populations suggest a high frequency of parasite gene-flow across definitive host species, particularly between dogs and humans. Parasite genetic differentiation between areas was not evident at the definitive host level, possibly suggesting frequent import and export of infections between villages, although there was some evidence of geographic structuring at the snail–intermediate host level. These results suggest very high levels of transmission across host species, and indicate that the role of dogs should be considered when planning control programs. Furthermore, a regional approach to treatment programs is recommended where human migration is extensive. Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms known as schistosomes, which infect about 200 million people worldwide. In the Philippines, as in China, the species of schistosome (Schistosoma japonicum) which causes the disease infects not only humans, but also many other species of mammals. In China, bovines are thought to be particularly important for harboring and transmitting S. japonicum, whereas in the Philippines infections in bovines are relatively rare. However, dogs, rats and pigs are often infected with S. japonicum in the Philippines, although the extent to which infections in these animals may give rise to human infections is unclear. To help answer this question, we characterized the genetic variation of the parasite in Samar province of the Philippines, and found that S. japonicum samples from humans, dogs, rats and pigs were genetically very similar, with no significant genetic difference between samples from humans and dogs. This suggests that in the Philippines this parasite is frequently transmitted between different mammalian species, particularly between dogs and humans. Reducing levels of infections in dogs may therefore help to reduce infections in humans. The results also suggest high levels of transmission between geographic areas, thus regional co-ordination of treatment programs is recommended.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Gower, C. M.;Shrivastava, J.;Webster, J. P.
通讯作者：
Webster, J. P.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Leonardo, LR;Acosta, LP;Aligui, GDL
通讯作者：
Aligui, GDL
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Finkelstein JL;Schleinitz MD;Carabin H;McGarvey ST
通讯作者：
McGarvey ST
DOI：
10.1016/0147-9571(82)90047-9
发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
BERAN, GW
通讯作者：
BERAN, GW
影响因子：
9.6
作者：
Constantine, CC
通讯作者：
Constantine, CC