Functional and mechanistic diversity of distal transcription enhancers.
Functional and mechanistic diversity of distal transcription enhancers.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.024
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发表时间:
2011-02-04
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Groudine M
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bulger M;Groudine M
Biological differences among metazoans, and between cell types in a given organism, arise in large part due to differences in gene expression patterns. The sequencing of multiple metazoan genomes, coupled with recent advances in genome-wide analysis of histone modifications and transcription factor binding, has revealed that among regulatory DNA sequences, gene-distal enhancers appear to exhibit the greatest diversity and cell-type specificity. Moreover, such elements are emerging as important targets for mutations that can give rise to disease and to genetic variability that underlies evolutionary change. Studies of long-range interactions between distal genomic sequences in the nucleus indicate that enhancers are often important determinants of nuclear organization, contributing to a general model for enhancer function that involves direct enhancer-promoter contact. In a number of systems, however, mechanisms for enhancer function are emerging that do not fit solely within such a model, suggesting that enhancers as a class of DNA regulatory element may be functionally and mechanistically diverse.
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