Trichloroethylene: An Invisible Cause of Parkinson's Disease?
Trichloroethylene: An Invisible Cause of Parkinson's Disease?
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DOI：
10.3233/jpd-225047
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bloem BR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dorsey ER;Zafar M;Lettenberger SE;Pawlik ME;Kinel D;Frissen M;Schneider RB;Kieburtz K;Tanner CM;De Miranda BR;Goldman SM;Bloem BR
帕金森病（PD）的病因仍不清楚。其中一些，例如某些基因突变和头部外伤，是众所周知的或很容易识别的。然而，这些原因或风险因素并不占大多数病例。一定还有其他不太明显的因素在起作用。其中有一种广泛使用的工业溶剂和常见环境污染物，但因其在 PD 中可能发挥的作用而鲜为人知：三氯乙烯 (TCE)。 TCE 是一种简单的六原子分子，可以使咖啡脱咖啡因、金属部件脱脂以及干洗衣服。 1969 年，人们首次将这种无色化学物质与帕金森症联系起来。此后，涉及 8 个人的四项案例研究将职业接触 TCE 与帕金森病联系起来。此外，一项小型流行病学研究发现，职业或爱好接触溶剂与患 PD 的风险增加 500% 相关。在多项动物研究中，该化学物质再现了帕金森病的病理特征。接触该化学品的不仅限于那些接触该化学品的人。 TCE 会污染室外空气、地下水并污染室内空气。这种分子，如氡气，从下面的土壤和地下水中蒸发，进入家庭、工作场所或学校，通常未被发现。尽管污染广泛且工业、商业和军事用途不断增加，TCE 和 PD 的临床研究仍然有限。在这里，通过文献综述和七个说明性案例，我们假设这种无处不在的化学物质正在导致帕金森病在全球范围内的增加，而三氯乙烯是其隐形且高度可预防的原因之一。现在需要进一步的研究来检验这一假设。
The etiologies of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain unclear. Some, such as certain genetic mutations and head trauma, are widely known or easily identified. However, these causes or risk factors do not account for the majority of cases. Other, less visible factors must be at play. Among these is a widely used industrial solvent and common environmental contaminant little recognized for its likely role in PD: trichloroethylene (TCE). TCE is a simple, six-atom molecule that can decaffeinate coffee, degrease metal parts, and dry clean clothes. The colorless chemical was first linked to parkinsonism in 1969. Since then, four case studies involving eight individuals have linked occupational exposure to TCE to PD. In addition, a small epidemiological study found that occupational or hobby exposure to the solvent was associated with a 500% increased risk of developing PD. In multiple animal studies, the chemical reproduces the pathological features of PD. Exposure is not confined to those who work with the chemical. TCE pollutes outdoor air, taints groundwater, and contaminates indoor air. The molecule, like radon, evaporates from underlying soil and groundwater and enters homes, workplaces, or schools, often undetected. Despite widespread contamination and increasing industrial, commercial, and military use, clinical investigations of TCE and PD have been limited. Here, through a literature review and seven illustrative cases, we postulate that this ubiquitous chemical is contributing to the global rise of PD and that TCE is one of its invisible and highly preventable causes. Further research is now necessary to examine this hypothesis.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Desrosiers TA;Lawson CC;Meyer RE;Richardson DB;Daniels JL;Waters MA;van Wijngaarden E;Langlois PH;Romitti PA;Correa A;Olshan A;National Birth Defects Prevention Study
通讯作者：
National Birth Defects Prevention Study