Embracing Uncertainty in Reconstructing Early Animal Evolution.

Embracing Uncertainty in Reconstructing Early Animal Evolution.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.054
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发表时间:
2017-10-09
期刊:
Current biology : CB
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rokas A
Rokas A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
King N;Rokas A

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后生动物的起源是进化的主要转变之一,至今仍是个谜。虽然后生动物起源的许多关键方面可以通过在一个健全的系统发育框架内比较活生物体来重建,但关于海绵、栉水母和其他后生动物多样性之间进化关系的不确定性已被证明是一个主要障碍。比较形态学和一些系统基因组学分析支持海绵代表其他后生动物的姐妹谱系的观点,而其他相互竞争的系统基因组学分析强烈支持栉水母(一种肉食性凝胶状海洋生物门)作为姐妹谱系。在这里,我们探讨了为什么不同的系统基因组研究产生不同的答案,并讨论了理解后生动物多细胞起源的两种替代假设的含义。重建古代进化辐射,就像产生后生动物一样,是非常困难的,可能需要更广泛的海绵和栉水母基因组采样,改进分析策略,并对明显保守特征的系统发育分布和分子机制进行批判性分析。我们不支持栉水母姐妹假说或海绵姐妹假说,我们认为,旨在了解第一批后生动物生物学的研究项目,应该在实验设计中接受围绕早期后生动物进化的不确定性。
The origin of metazoans, one of the major transitions in evolution, remains mysterious. While many key aspects of metazoan origins can be reconstructed by comparing living organisms within a robust phylogenetic framework, uncertainty regarding the evolutionary relationships among sponges, ctenophores and the remainder of metazoan diversity has proven to be a major barrier. Comparative morphology and some phylogenomic analyses support the view that sponges represent the sister lineage to the rest of the metazoans, while other competing phylogenomic analyses strongly support ctenophores, a phylum of carnivorous, gelatinous marine organisms, as the sister lineage. Here, we explore why different phylogenomic studies yield different answers and discuss the implications of the two alternative hypotheses for understanding the origin of metazoan multicellularity. Reconstruction of ancient evolutionary radiations, like the one that gave rise to metazoans, is devilishly difficult and will likely require broader sampling of sponge and ctenophore genomes, improved analytical strategies, and critical analyses of the phylogenetic distribution and molecular mechanisms underlying apparently conserved traits. Rather than staking out positions in favor of the ctenophore-sister or the sponge-sister hypothesis, we submit that research programs aimed at understanding the biology of the first metazoans should embrace the uncertainty surrounding early metazoan evolution in their experimental designs.
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