Using Time-Varying Evidence to Test Models of Decision Dynamics: Bounded Diffusion vs. the Leaky Competing Accumulator Model.
Using Time-Varying Evidence to Test Models of Decision Dynamics: Bounded Diffusion vs. the Leaky Competing Accumulator Model.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2012.00079
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Usher M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tsetsos K;Gao J;McClelland JL;Usher M
当人们做决定时，他们是否对不同时间出现的证据给予同等重视？最近的一项研究（Kiani等人）使用简短的运动脉冲（叠加在随机移动的点显示器上）报告了一个首要效应：在运动观察期早期出现的脉冲比之后出现的脉冲有更强的影响。这一观察结果被解释为支持有界扩散（BD）模型，并排除了证据积累受早期到达信息泄漏或衰减影响的模型。我们在新的实验和模拟中使用运动脉冲和其他感知证据的时间操作，支持泄漏竞争累加器（LCA）模型作为BD模型的替代方案。虽然LCA确实包括泄漏，但我们表明，当抑制相对于泄漏强时，它可以表现为替代方案之间竞争的结果（通过相互抑制实现）。当参与者必须准备好在运动观察期结束时迅速做出反应时，我们的实验复制了首因效应。然而，当时间压力较小时，首因效应就弱得多。对于2名（10名中的2名）参与者，在运动观察期较短的试验中观察到的首因偏倚随着观察期的延长而减弱或逆转（成为近因效应）。我们的模拟研究表明，首要性与LCA或BD同样一致。从首要到最近的转变也可以被LCA捕获，但不被BD捕获。LCA和其他模型之间的个体差异和关系进行了讨论。
When people make decisions, do they give equal weight to evidence arriving at different times? A recent study (Kiani et al.,) using brief motion pulses (superimposed on a random moving dot display) reported a primacy effect: pulses presented early in a motion observation period had a stronger impact than pulses presented later. This observation was interpreted as supporting the bounded diffusion (BD) model and ruling out models in which evidence accumulation is subject to leakage or decay of early-arriving information. We use motion pulses and other manipulations of the timing of the perceptual evidence in new experiments and simulations that support the leaky competing accumulator (LCA) model as an alternative to the BD model. While the LCA does include leakage, we show that it can exhibit primacy as a result of competition between alternatives (implemented via mutual inhibition), when the inhibition is strong relative to the leak. Our experiments replicate the primacy effect when participants must be prepared to respond quickly at the end of a motion observation period. With less time pressure, however, the primacy effect is much weaker. For 2 (out of 10) participants, a primacy bias observed in trials where the motion observation period is short becomes weaker or reverses (becoming a recency effect) as the observation period lengthens. Our simulation studies show that primacy is equally consistent with the LCA or with BD. The transition from primacy-to-recency can also be captured by the LCA but not by BD. Individual differences and relations between the LCA and other models are discussed.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Rorie AE;Gao J;McClelland JL;Newsome WT
通讯作者：
Newsome WT
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.31.2.289
发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Brown, S;Heathcote, A
通讯作者：
Heathcote, A
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Horwitz, GD;Newsome, WT
通讯作者：
Newsome, WT
DOI：
10.3758/bf03206554
发表时间：
2004-11-01
期刊：
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS INSTRUMENTS & COMPUTERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bogacz, R;Cohen, JD
通讯作者：
Cohen, JD
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Johnson, JG;Busemeyer, JR
通讯作者：
Busemeyer, JR