Contributions of the cerebellum and the motor cortex to acquisition and retention of motor memories.
Contributions of the cerebellum and the motor cortex to acquisition and retention of motor memories.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.076
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发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
O'Shea J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herzfeld DJ;Pastor D;Haith AM;Rossetti Y;Shadmehr R;O'Shea J
我们研究了小脑和运动皮层 (M1) 在力场到达任务中对人类运动记忆的获取和保留的贡献。我们发现小脑的阳极经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）被认为可以增加神经元兴奋性，增加了从错误中学习并形成场内部模型的能力，而阴极小脑刺激则减少了这种错误依赖性学习。此外，阴极小脑刺激破坏了对伸手运动中的错误做出反应的能力，降低了感觉运动反馈回路的增益。相比之下，阳极 M1 刺激对这些变量没有显着影响。在假刺激期间，训练早期获得的运动记忆在错误钳试验中表现出快速衰减。随着进一步的训练，衰退率降低，这表明通过训练，运动记忆从不稳定的状态转变为更稳定的状态。令人惊讶的是，小脑刺激和 M1 刺激都没有改变这些衰减模式。参与者 24 小时后返回，并在无刺激的错误钳试验中重新进行测试。通过阴极刺激学习任务的小脑组表现出明显的记忆力受损，并且 M1 阳极刺激并没有改善记忆力。总之，非侵入性小脑刺激导致错误依赖性运动学习的极性依赖性上调或下调。此外，习得过程中的阴极小脑刺激损害了过夜保留运动记忆的能力。因此，在力场任务中，我们发现小脑在运动记忆的形成及其保留中发挥着关键作用。
We investigated the contributions of the cerebellum and the motor cortex (M1) to acquisition and retention of human motor memories in a force field reaching task. We found that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the cerebellum, a technique that is thought to increase neuronal excitability, increased the ability to learn from error and form an internal model of the field, while cathodal cerebellar stimulation reduced this error-dependent learning. In addition, cathodal cerebellar stimulation disrupted the ability to respond to error within a reaching movement, reducing the gain of the sensory-motor feedback loop. By contrast, anodal M1 stimulation had no significant effects on these variables. During sham stimulation, early in training the acquired motor memory exhibited rapid decay in error-clamp trials. With further training the rate of decay decreased, suggesting that with training the motor memory was transformed from a labile to a more stable state. Surprisingly, neither cerebellar nor M1 stimulation altered these decay patterns. Participants returned 24 hours later and were re-tested in error-clamp trials without stimulation. The cerebellar group that had learned the task with cathodal stimulation exhibited significantly impaired retention, and retention was not improved by M1 anodal stimulation. In summary, non-invasive cerebellar stimulation resulted in polarity-dependent up- or down-regulation of error-dependent motor learning. In addition, cathodal cerebellar stimulation during acquisition impaired the ability to retain the motor memory overnight. Thus, in the force field task we found a critical role for the cerebellum in both formation of motor memory and its retention.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Arce, Fritzie;Novick, Itai;Vaadia, Eilon
通讯作者：
Vaadia, Eilon
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2184-09.2009
发表时间：
2009-07-15
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Galea JM;Jayaram G;Ajagbe L;Celnik P
通讯作者：
Celnik P
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Criscimagna-Hemminger, Sarah E.;Bastian, Amy J.;Shadmehr, Reza
通讯作者：
Shadmehr, Reza
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
GILBERT, PFC;THACH, WT
通讯作者：
THACH, WT
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Hadipour-Niktarash, Arash;Lee, Christine K.;Shadmehr, Reza
通讯作者：
Shadmehr, Reza