Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.

Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature24644
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发表时间:
2017-11-23
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Liu DR
Liu DR
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gaudelli NM;Komor AC;Rees HA;Packer MS;Badran AH;Bryson DI;Liu DR

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胞嘧啶的自发脱氨是C·G到T·A转换的主要来源,其占已知人类致病性点突变的一半。因此,有效地将目标A·T碱基对转化为G·C的能力可以促进遗传疾病的研究和治疗。腺嘌呤的脱氨基作用产生肌苷,聚合酶将其作为鸟嘌呤处理,但目前还没有已知的酶能使DNA中的腺嘌呤脱氨基。在这里,我们报告腺嘌呤碱基编辑器(ABE)介导的基因组DNA中的A·T到G·C的转换。我们进化出一种tRNA腺苷脱氨酶,当与催化受损的CRISPR-Cas9融合时,它可以对DNA起作用。广泛的定向进化和蛋白质工程导致了第七代ABE(例如,ABE7.10),其有效地将靶A·T转化为G·C碱基对(在人细胞中约50%),具有非常高的产物纯度(通常≥ 99.9%)和非常低的插入缺失率(通常≤ 0.1%)。ABE比目前基于Cas9核酸酶的方法更有效和干净地引入点突变,比Cas9诱导更少的脱靶基因组修饰,并且可以在人类细胞中安装疾病校正或疾病抑制突变。与我们以前的碱基编辑器一起,ABE通过在没有双链DNA切割的情况下直接、可编程地引入所有四个转换突变来推进基因组编辑。
The spontaneous deamination of cytosine is a major source of C•G to T•A transitions, which account for half of known human pathogenic point mutations. The ability to efficiently convert target A•T base pairs to G•C therefore could advance the study and treatment of genetic diseases. While the deamination of adenine yields inosine, which is treated as guanine by polymerases, no enzymes are known to deaminate adenine in DNA. Here we report adenine base editors (ABEs) that mediate conversion of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA. We evolved a tRNA adenosine deaminase to operate on DNA when fused to a catalytically impaired CRISPR-Cas9. Extensive directed evolution and protein engineering resulted in seventh-generation ABEs (e.g., ABE7.10), that convert target A•T to G•C base pairs efficiently (~50% in human cells) with very high product purity (typically ≥ 99.9%) and very low rates of indels (typically ≤ 0.1%). ABEs introduce point mutations more efficiently and cleanly than a current Cas9 nuclease-based method, induce less off-target genome modification than Cas9, and can install disease-correcting or disease-suppressing mutations in human cells. Together with our previous base editors, ABEs advance genome editing by enabling the direct, programmable introduction of all four transition mutations without double-stranded DNA cleavage.
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