Incorporating methods and findings from neuroscience to better understand placebo and nocebo effects in sport.
Incorporating methods and findings from neuroscience to better understand placebo and nocebo effects in sport.
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DOI：
10.1080/17461391.2019.1675765
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发表时间：
2020-04
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Roelands, Bart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beedie, Christopher;Benedetti, Fabrizio;Barbiani, Diletta;Camerone, Eleanora;Lindheimer, Jacob;Roelands, Bart
安慰剂和反安慰剂效应是运动表现的一个因素。然而，大多数已发表的运动科学研究都是关于机制的描述性和推测性的。因此，怀疑论者认为体育运动中的安慰剂和反安慰剂效应是虚幻的，并且可以通过动机等现象的变化来更好地解释，这一点并非没有道理。至少在体育运动中，安慰剂和反安慰剂效应很可能仍将停留在这个经验灰色地带，直到研究人员提供更有力的机械证据。最近的神经科学研究已经确定了许多与安慰剂和反安慰剂效应相关的一致、离散和相互作用的神经生物学和生理通路，许多研究报告了运动科学家潜在感兴趣的数据，例如与疼痛、疲劳和运动控制相关的数据。研究结果表明，安慰剂和反安慰剂会导致阿片类药物、内源性大麻素和多巴胺神经递质系统、包括运动皮层和纹状体在内的大脑区域的活性，并对自主神经系统产生可测量的影响。许多研究已经证明，与治疗相关的安慰剂和反安慰剂效应，例如作为镇痛剂或兴奋剂的惰性治疗，表现出与真实或真实治疗相似或相同的机制。这些发现表明，多种不同的安慰剂和反安慰剂机制可能会影响运动表现。在本文中，我们介绍了神经科学的一些发现。我们将疲劳作为结果，将咖啡因作为载体，提出了三种方法，体育研究人员可以将其纳入他们的研究中，以便更好地阐明安慰剂/反安慰剂对表现的影响机制。
Placebo and nocebo effects are a factor in sports performance. However, the majority of published studies in sport science are descriptive and speculative regarding mechanisms. It is therefore not unreasonable for the sceptic to argue that placebo and nocebo effects in sport are illusory, and might be better explained by variations in phenomena such as motivation. It is likely that, in sport at least, placebo and nocebo effects will remain in this empirical grey area until researchers provide stronger mechanistic evidence. Recent research in neuroscience has identified a number of consistent, discrete and interacting neurobiological and physiological pathways associated with placebo and nocebo effects, with many studies reporting data of potential interest to sport scientists, for example relating to pain, fatigue and motor control. Findings suggest that placebos and nocebos result in activity of the opioid, endocannabinoid and dopamine neurotransmitter systems, brain regions including the motor cortex and striatum, and measureable effects on the autonomic nervous system. Many studies have demonstrated that placebo and nocebo effects associated with a treatment, for example an inert treatment presented as an analgesic or stimulant, exhibit mechanisms similar or identical to the verum or true treatment. Such findings suggest the possibility of a wide range of distinct placebo and nocebo mechanisms that might influence sports performance. In the present paper we present some of the findings from neuroscience. Focussing on fatigue as an outcome and caffeine as vehicle, we propose three approaches that researchers in sport might incorporate in their studies in order to better elucidate mechanisms of placebo/nocebo effects on performance.
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影响因子：
82.9
作者：
Benedetti, Fabrizio;Amanzio, Martina;Blanchard, Catherine
通讯作者：
Blanchard, Catherine
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Benedetti F;Dogue S
通讯作者：
Dogue S
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Benedetti, F;Amanzio, M;Maggi, G
通讯作者：
Maggi, G
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093015
发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 13
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ashar, Yoni K.;Chang, Luke J.;Wager, Tor D.
通讯作者：
Wager, Tor D.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Beedie, Christopher;Benedetti, Fabrizio;Szabo, Attila
通讯作者：
Szabo, Attila