Far from solved: a perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left-right asymmetry.

Far from solved: a perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left-right asymmetry.
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DOI:
10.1002/dvdy.22450
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发表时间:
2010-12
期刊:
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists
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--
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其他
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一致的偏侧性是胚胎发育、生理和行为的一个重要方面。虽然在了解单侧表达基因和器官发生的不对称性方面取得了进展,但早期机制仍然知之甚少。一个流行的模型集中在原肠形成过程中运动纤毛的结构和功能以及随后的手性细胞外液流动。替代模型集中于细胞骨架在驱动生理信号的不对称性或不对称染色单体分离中的细胞内作用,在更早的阶段。所有这三种模型都将不对称性的起源追溯到细胞骨架组织中心的手性,但关于这种细胞内手性如何放大到细胞场存在重大争议。每个模型的具体预测和新的突变体的关键最近的数据分析表明,纤毛功能可能不是一个广泛保守的,在左右图案的起始事件。关于胚胎左右不对称的许多问题仍然悬而未决,为细胞、发育和进化生物学的进一步研究提供了迷人的途径。
Consistent laterality is a crucial aspect of embryonic development, physiology, and behavior. While strides have been made in understanding unilaterally expressed genes and the asymmetries of organogenesis, early mechanisms are still poorly understood. One popular model centers on the structure and function of motile cilia and subsequent chiral extracellular fluid flow during gastrulation. Alternative models focus on intracellular roles of the cytoskeleton in driving asymmetries of physiological signals or asymmetric chromatid segregation, at much earlier stages. All three models trace the origin of asymmetry back to the chirality of cytoskeletal organizing centers, but significant controversy exists about how this intracellular chirality is amplified onto cell fields. Analysis of specific predictions of each model and crucial recent data on new mutants suggest that ciliary function may not be a broadly conserved, initiating event in left–right patterning. Many questions about embryonic left–right asymmetry remain open, offering fascinating avenues for further research in cell, developmental, and evolutionary biology.
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