Identification and Prioritisation of Mine Pollution Sources in a Temperate Watershed Using Tracer Injection and Synoptic Sampling
Identification and Prioritisation of Mine Pollution Sources in a Temperate Watershed Using Tracer Injection and Synoptic Sampling
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使用示踪剂注入和天气采样识别温带流域的矿山污染源并确定优先级
DOI：
10.1007/s10230-021-00792-0
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Byrne P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Byrne P
由于固有的复杂水文系统和分散在各流域的多个潜在的地雷污染源，确定和优先处理矿场是具有挑战性的。由于降水和径流有很大的变异性，增加了扩散源的重要性，因此了解湿温带流域的矿山污染动态尤其具有挑战性。在苏格兰的一个采矿流域进行了示踪稀释和天气采样实验，以确定矿场污染的主要来源、点源和弥散源的相对重要性，以及矿场修复对溪流水质的潜在好处。利用高空间分辨率的金属负荷数据集，确定了主要的锌和镉源区为主要位于流域上部的矿泉水的点源。相反，铅的主要来源是位于流域下部的尾矿和废物的弥散源。在后一种情况下，铅的活化主要发生在一段辫状湿地和一个没有盖子的尾矿区。重要的是，即使在稳态径流条件下，扩散的矿山污染源也是铅的主要来源，也是锌和镉的重要来源。物质平衡计算表明，对上游主要矿山水源地进行治理，并对下游尾矿库进行封顶处理，可使河流痕量金属浓度降低约70%。这些数据支持湿温带流域矿山污染动态概念模型的建立。这些概念模型很重要，因为它们：(1)有助于确定将产生最大环境和社会经济效益的矿场和矿址的补救优先次序；(2)提供一种手段，以量化弥漫污染源的重要性，这些污染源今后可能会因温带流域降水模式的变化而变得更加重要。
Identifying and prioritising mine sites for remediation is challenging due to inherently complex hydrological systems and multiple potential sources of mine pollution dispersed across watersheds. Understanding mine pollution dynamics in wet temperate watersheds is particularly challenging due to substantial variability in precipitation and streamflows, which increase the importance of diffuse sources. A tracer dilution and synoptic sampling experiment was conducted in a mined watershed in Scotland to identify the main sources of mine pollution, the relative importance of point and diffuse sources of pollution, and the potential benefits of mine site remediation to stream water quality. Using high spatial resolution metal loading datasets, the major Zn and Cd source areas were identified as point sources of mine water predominantly located in the upper part of the watershed. In contrast, the main sources of Pb were diffuse sources of mine tailings and wastes located in the lower part of the watershed. In the latter case, mobilisation of Pb occurred primarily from a section of braided wetland and an uncapped tailings area. Importantly, diffuse sources of mine pollution were found to be the dominant source of Pb, and an important source of Zn and Cd, even under steady-state streamflow conditions. Mass balance calculations suggest that treatment of the main mine water sources in the upper watershed and capping of the tailings deposit in the lower watershed could reduce stream trace metal concentrations by approximately 70%. These data support the development of conceptual models of mine pollution dynamics in wet temperate watersheds. These conceptual models are important as they: (1) help prioritise those mine sites and features for remediation that will deliver the most environmental and socio-economic benefit, and; (2) provide a means to quantify the importance of diffuse pollution sources that may increase in importance in the future as a result of changes in precipitation patterns in temperate watersheds.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Runkel;K. Walton;B. Kimball;P. Verplanck;D. Nimick
通讯作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
K. Walton;R. Runkel;B. Kimball
通讯作者：
B. Kimball
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
De Giudici, Giovanni;Pusceddu, Claudia;Kimball, B. A.
通讯作者：
Kimball, B. A.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Runkel, Robert L.;Kimball, Briant A.;Walton-Day, Katherine
通讯作者：
Walton-Day, Katherine
地下水中锌、镉、铜、铅、铁和砷的迁移率与氧化还原电位和 pH 值的关系
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
R. Hermann;P. Neumann
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P. Neumann