Subcellular knockout of importin β1 perturbs axonal retrograde signaling.

Subcellular knockout of importin β1 perturbs axonal retrograde signaling.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.033
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发表时间:
2012-07-26
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Fainzilber M
Fainzilber M
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Perry RB;Doron-Mandel E;Iavnilovitch E;Rishal I;Dagan SY;Tsoory M;Coppola G;McDonald MK;Gomes C;Geschwind DH;Twiss JL;Yaron A;Fainzilber M

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mRNA的亚细胞定位使得能够在大细胞内进行区室化调节。神经元是已知的最长的细胞,然而到目前为止,缺乏证据表明内源性mRNA定位在轴突中的重要作用。损伤轴突中importin β1的局部上调协调了逆行损伤信号复合物转运到神经元细胞体。在这里,我们发现一个长的3′非翻译区(3′UTR)指导importin β1的轴突定位。在小鼠中有条件地靶向该3′UTR区域导致轴突中importin β1 mRNA和蛋白的亚细胞损失,而不影响感觉神经元中的细胞体水平或核功能。值得注意的是,轴突敲除importin β1可减弱细胞体对神经损伤的转录反应,并延迟体内功能恢复。因此,importin β1 mRNA的定位翻译能够分离importin的细胞质和细胞核转运功能,并且是受损轴突中有效逆行信号传导所需的。
Subcellular localization of mRNA enables compartmentalized regulation within large cells. Neurons are the longest known cells, however so far evidence is lacking for an essential role of endogenous mRNA localization in axons. Localized upregulation of importin β1 in lesioned axons coordinates a retrograde injury signaling complex transported to the neuronal cell body. Here we show that a long 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) directs axonal localization of importin β1. Conditional targeting of this 3′UTR region in mice causes subcellular loss of importin β1 mRNA and protein in axons, without affecting cell body levels or nuclear functions in sensory neurons. Strikingly, axonal knockout of importin β1 attenuates cell body transcriptional responses to nerve injury and delays functional recovery in vivo. Thus, localized translation of importin β1 mRNA enables separation of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport functions of importins, and is required for efficient retrograde signaling in injured axons.
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