Circadian rhythms, refractive development, and myopia.
Circadian rhythms, refractive development, and myopia.
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DOI：
10.1111/opo.12453
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stone RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chakraborty R;Ostrin LA;Nickla DL;Iuvone PM;Pardue MT;Stone RA
尽管进行了广泛的研究，但对于调节出生后眼睛生长的机制以及导致屈光不正的机制了解甚少。随着近年来近视患病率的显著上升，需要有强有力的基于生物学的临床疗法来使儿童的屈光发育正常化。在此，我们回顾了经典和当代的文献，探讨昼夜生物学如何可能提供线索以构建一个框架，从而增进对近视病因的理解，并可能引出合理的方法来改善儿童屈光不正的发展。
越来越多的证据表明，昼夜节律和生物钟节律与眼睛生长和屈光不正的发展有关。在人类和动物中，眼轴长度以及眼睛的其他解剖和生理特征都会经历昼夜波动。从整体上看，这种节律主要由视交叉上核中的“主时钟”产生，它通过光色素黑视蛋白的激活接收来自内在光敏感视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGCs）的输入。视网膜也有一个内源性生物钟。在发生实验性近视的实验动物中，眼部参数的波动受到干扰。现在认为视网膜信号会影响屈光发育；多巴胺是一种在视网膜中发现的重要神经递质，它不仅能使视网膜内源性节律与光照 - 黑暗周期同步，还能调节屈光发育。生物钟包含一种转录/翻译反馈控制机制，利用所谓的时钟基因，这些基因现在已与实验性屈光不正相关联。当代临床研究也在重新审视19世纪首次提出的观点，即光照可能影响儿童的屈光。因此，环境照明的特性正在屈光发育方面受到研究。在医学科学的其他领域，生物钟失调现在被认为会影响许多非眼部疾病，可能是因为现代人工照明模式对生物钟起搏器产生了不良的生理影响。这种现代光照和生物钟失调如何影响或是否影响屈光发育尚不清楚。
本综述的前提是，昼夜生物学可能是一个值得进一步研究的有成效的领域，这可能会增进对屈光发育的理解并改进治疗干预措施。
Despite extensive research, mechanisms regulating postnatal eye growth and those responsible for ametropias are poorly understood. With the marked recent increases in myopia prevalence, robust and biologically-based clinical therapies to normalize refractive development in childhood are needed. Here, we review classic and contemporary literature about how circadian biology might provide clues to develop a framework to improve the understanding of myopia etiology, and possibly lead to rational approaches to ameliorate refractive errors developing in children. Increasing evidence implicates diurnal and circadian rhythms in eye growth and refractive error development. In both humans and animals, ocular length and other anatomical and physiological features of the eye undergo diurnal oscillations. Systemically, such rhythms are primarily generated by the ‘master clock’ in the surpachiasmatic nucleus, which receives input from the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) through the activation of the photopigment melanopsin. The retina also has an endogenous circadian clock. In laboratory animals developing experimental myopia, oscillations of ocular parameters are perturbed. Retinal signaling is now believed to influence refractive development; dopamine, an important neurotransmitter found in the retina, not only entrains intrinsic retinal rhythms to the light:dark cycle, but it also modulates refractive development. Circadian clocks comprise a transcription/translation feedback control mechanism utilizing so-called clock genes that have now been associated with experimental ametropias. Contemporary clinical research is also reviving ideas first proposed in the nineteenth century that light exposures might impact refraction in children. As a result, properties of ambient lighting are being investigated in refractive development. In other areas of medical science, circadian dysregulation is now thought to impact many non-ocular disorders, likely because the patterns of modern artificial lighting exert adverse physiological effects on circadian pacemakers. How, or if, such modern light exposures and circadian dysregulation contribute to refractive development is not known. The premise of this review is that circadian biology could be a productive area worthy of increased investigation, which might lead to the improved understanding of refractive development and improved therapeutic interventions.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
Altimus, Cara M.;Gueler, Ali D.;Alam, Nazia M.;Arman, A. Cyrus;Prusky, Glen T.;Sampath, Alapakkam P.;Hattar, Samer
通讯作者：
Hattar, Samer
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Audo, Isabelle;Bujakowska, Kinga;Zeitz, Christina
通讯作者：
Zeitz, Christina
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Bellingham, James;Chaurasia, Shyam S.;Lucas, Robert J.
通讯作者：
Lucas, Robert J.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Barathi, Veluchamy A.;Chaurasia, Shyam S.;Poidinger, Michael;Koh, Siew Kwan;Tian, Dechao;Ho, Candice;Iuvone, P. Michael;Beuerman, Roger W.;Zhou, Lei
通讯作者：
Zhou, Lei
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
BESHARSE, JC;IUVONE, PM
通讯作者：
IUVONE, PM