Demographic processes in animal networks are a question of time: a comment on Shizuka and Johnson
Demographic processes in animal networks are a question of time: a comment on Shizuka and Johnson
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动物网络中的人口统计过程是一个时间问题：对 Shizuka 和 Johnson 的评论
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arz099
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Farine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maldonado-Chaparro;Farine
Shizuka和约翰逊（2019）强调，人口过程，如出生，扩散和死亡，代表了社会系统的生态学和进化生物学中的一组重要的开放问题。作者认为，人口统计过程的影响塑造了动物的社会结构。例如，组成员的死亡对应于社交网络中节点的丢失。从实证研究中，我们知道，即使是对社会系统的短期扰动（例如，将一个群体分裂仅2天）也会对网络结构和随后的群体功能产生明显的影响，这些影响超出了节点的直接获得或损失（Maldonado-Chaparro et al. 2018）。关于这个话题，要解决的第一组相关问题是：1）人口统计过程何时会扰乱社交网络动态，2）我们检测这种扰动的能力如何，和3）选择是否可以促进减轻人口过程引起的扰动影响的行为。人口过程可能不会像社会不稳定那样对社会动态产生影响的一个原因是，它们发生的时间范围。在这里，背景可能很重要。例如，个体的死亡可能来自不同的来源：死亡可能与年龄有关，也可能是捕食者引起的。这两种情况不太可能产生同样的影响。在社会中占据高位的老年人，因此更有可能扮演重要角色，他们在去世前往往会从等级制度中跌落（Strauss and Holekamp 2019）。因此，该系统可以预测因年龄相关原因将个人从人口中除名的影响。相比之下，捕食可以引起社会群体成员的迅速变化。捕食的影响可能更具有代表性的结果，实验研究涉及的临时
Shizuka and Johnson (2019) highlight that demographic processes, such as birth, dispersal, and death, represent an important set of open questions in the ecology and evolutionary biology of social systems. The authors make the case that the impacts of demographic processes shape animal social structure. For example, the death of a group member corresponds to the loss of a node from the social network. From empirical studies, we know that even short-term perturbations to a social system (eg, splitting a group for just 2 days) can have clear effects on network structure and subsequent group function that extend beyond the immediate gain or loss of a node (Maldonado-Chaparro et al. 2018). A pertinent first set of questions to address on this topic are 1) when will demographic processes perturb social network dynamics, 2) what is our ability to detect such perturbations, and 3) whether selection can promote behaviors that mitigate the effects of perturbations arising from demographic processes.One reason why demographic processes may not have impact on social dynamics in the same way that social instability has is because of the time frame over which they occur. Here, context might matter. For example, the death of individuals can arise from different sources: a death can be age related or can be predator induced. These two contexts are unlikely to have the same impact. Older individuals that occupy high ranks in societies, and therefore are more likely to have an important role, often drop down the hierarchy before they die (Strauss and Holekamp 2019). Thus, the impact of removing an individual from the population through age-related causes could be anticipated by the system. By contrast, predation can induce very rapid changes to the membership of social groups. Effects of predation are likely to be more representative of the results of experimental studies involving the temporary
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Franz M;Alberts SC
通讯作者：
Alberts SC
社会联盟提高了基于公约的社会的等级和适应性
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1810384116
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Strauss, Eli D.;Holekamp, Kay E.
通讯作者：
Holekamp, Kay E.