New insights into the biological effects of anthrax toxins: linking cellular to organismal responses.
New insights into the biological effects of anthrax toxins: linking cellular to organismal responses.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.micinf.2011.08.016
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Bier E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guichard A;Nizet V;Bier E
炭疽毒素致死毒素（LT）和水肿毒素（ET）是B产生的重要毒力因子。炭疽病这些毒素在炭疽感染的两个不同阶段起作用。在第一个前驱期，通常是无症状的，炭疽毒素作用于免疫系统细胞，帮助病原体建立感染。然后，在疾病的快速进展（或暴发）阶段，细菌通过血液学途径传播到各种靶组织和器官，这些组织和器官通常高度血管化。当细菌在血流中增殖时，LT和ET开始迅速积累，达到临界阈值水平，即使细菌增殖被抗生素抑制也会导致死亡。在感染的最后阶段，毒素导致血管通透性增加，靶器官功能下降，包括心脏、脾脏、肾脏、肾上腺和大脑。在这篇综述中，我们研究了炭疽毒素的各种生物学效应，重点是疾病的暴发阶段和两种毒素可能合作导致心血管崩溃的机制。我们讨论了正常的机制参与维持血管的完整性，并根据最近的研究表明，LT和ET合作抑制膜贩运到细胞-细胞连接，我们探讨了几个潜在的机制，毒素可能实现其致命的影响。我们还总结了B分泌的其他潜在毒力因子的影响。炭疽病，并考虑毒性因素在这种毁灭性疾病最近出现的进化中的作用。
The anthrax toxins lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET), are essential virulence factors produced by B. anthracis. These toxins act during two distinct phases of anthrax infection. During the first, prodromal phase, which is often asymptomatic, anthrax toxins act on cells of the immune system to help the pathogen establish infection. Then, during the rapidly progressing (or fulminant) stage of the disease bacteria disseminate via a hematological route to various target tissues and organs, which are typically highly vascularized. As bacteria proliferate in the bloodstream LT and ET begin to accumulate rapidly reaching a critical threshold level that will cause death even when the bacterial proliferation is curtailed by antibiotics. During this final phase of infection the toxins cause an increase in vascular permeability and a decrease in function of target organs including the heart, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, and brain. In this review, we examine the various biological effects of anthrax toxins, focusing on the fulminant stage of the disease and on mechanisms by which the two toxins may collaborate to cause cardiovascular collapse. We discuss normal mechanisms involved in maintaining vascular integrity and based on recent studies indicating that LT and ET cooperatively inhibit membrane trafficking to cell-cell junctions we explore several potential mechanisms by which the toxins may achieve their lethal effects. We also summarize the effects of other potential virulence factors secreted by B. anthracis and consider the role of toxic factors in the evolutionarily recent emergence of this devastating disease.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Balakireva, Maria;Rosse, Carine;Camonis, Jacques
通讯作者：
Camonis, Jacques
DOI：
10.1152/ajpheart.00937.2007
发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Adamson, R. H.;Ly, J. C.;Curry, F. E.
通讯作者：
Curry, F. E.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0712195105
发表时间：
2008-02-19
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bolcome, Robert E., III;Sullivan, Sarah E.;Chan, Joanne
通讯作者：
Chan, Joanne
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Banks, David J.;Ward, Sabrina C.;Bradley, Kenneth A.
通讯作者：
Bradley, Kenneth A.
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Beauregard, KE;Wimer-Mackin, S;Lencer, WI
通讯作者：
Lencer, WI