Impact of climate change on the transition of Neanderthals to modern humans in Europe.
Impact of climate change on the transition of Neanderthals to modern humans in Europe.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1808647115
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发表时间：
2018-09-11
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Veres D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Staubwasser M;Drăgușin V;Onac BP;Assonov S;Ersek V;Hoffmann DL;Veres D
有人初步提出，千年尺度的气候周期与欧洲现代人取代尼安德特人之间存在因果关系。然而，这种替换是历时性的，发生在几个这样的周期中。一个缺乏约束的大陆古气候框架阻碍了任何内在因果关系的识别。喀尔巴阡山脉的洞穴化石显示，在4万4千年到4万年前，一系列极端寒冷和干旱的气候导致了尼安德特人在欧洲各地连续的区域性灭绝，并促进了现代人的交错重新繁衍。在4.4万至3.4万年前的欧洲，重复的人口减少-人口再生循环可能促进了多次基因更替。中欧东部的两个岩洞稳定同位素记录表明，格陵兰Stadial 12 （GS12）和gs10 （gs10 - 44.3-43.3 ka和40.8-40.2 ka）是寒冷和干旱条件的突出区间。GS12、GS11和GS10与欧洲从尼安德特人到现代人类奥尼尼亚纪的跨时性考古过渡中文化（接近）贫瘠层的区域模式是同一时期的。在整个多瑙河中上游地区，与GS12同期发育的不育层先于奥日尼亚期。在伊比利亚半岛北部的一些记录中，这些层与GS11同期，并将chaltelperronian与Aurignacian分开。在剩余的chaltelperronian域中，奥里尼亚期之前的无菌层与GS10和先前报道的尼安德特人从欧洲大部分地区消失的40.0- 40.8 ka cal BP（距今（1950年）之前的历年）时间范围是同一时期的。这表明，在草原景观的稳步扩张期间，生态压力导致了尼安德特人人口减少的历时模式，这促进了似乎更适应这种环境的现代人类的重新繁衍。在中期冰期的严重时期，连续的人口减少-人口恢复周期可能主要解释了欧洲人口及其遗传组成的反复更替。
A causality between millennial-scale climate cycles and the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans in Europe has tentatively been suggested. However, that replacement was diachronous and occurred over several such cycles. A poorly constrained continental paleoclimate framework has hindered identification of any inherent causality. Speleothems from the Carpathians reveal that, between 44,000 and 40,000 years ago, a sequence of stadials with severely cold and arid conditions caused successive regional Neanderthal depopulation intervals across Europe and facilitated staggered repopulation by modern humans. Repetitive depopulation–repopulation cycles may have facilitated multiple genetic turnover in Europe between 44,000 and 34,000 years ago. Two speleothem stable isotope records from East-Central Europe demonstrate that Greenland Stadial 12 (GS12) and GS10—at 44.3–43.3 and 40.8–40.2 ka—were prominent intervals of cold and arid conditions. GS12, GS11, and GS10 are coeval with a regional pattern of culturally (near-)sterile layers within Europe’s diachronous archeologic transition from Neanderthals to modern human Aurignacian. Sterile layers coeval with GS12 precede the Aurignacian throughout the middle and upper Danube region. In some records from the northern Iberian Peninsula, such layers are coeval with GS11 and separate the Châtelperronian from the Aurignacian. Sterile layers preceding the Aurignacian in the remaining Châtelperronian domain are coeval with GS10 and the previously reported 40.0- to 40.8-ka cal BP [calendar years before present (1950)] time range of Neanderthals’ disappearance from most of Europe. This suggests that ecologic stress during stadial expansion of steppe landscape caused a diachronous pattern of depopulation of Neanderthals, which facilitated repopulation by modern humans who appear to have been better adapted to this environment. Consecutive depopulation–repopulation cycles during severe stadials of the middle pleniglacial may principally explain the repeated replacement of Europe’s population and its genetic composition.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Fu Q;Posth C;Hajdinjak M;Petr M;Mallick S;Fernandes D;Furtwängler A;Haak W;Meyer M;Mittnik A;Nickel B;Peltzer A;Rohland N;Slon V;Talamo S;Lazaridis I;Lipson M;Mathieson I;Schiffels S;Skoglund P;Derevianko AP;Drozdov N;Slavinsky V;Tsybankov A;Cremonesi RG;Mallegni F;Gély B;Vacca E;Morales MR;Straus LG;Neugebauer-Maresch C;Teschler-Nicola M;Constantin S;Moldovan OT;Benazzi S;Peresani M;Coppola D;Lari M;Ricci S;Ronchitelli A;Valentin F;Thevenet C;Wehrberger K;Grigorescu D;Rougier H;Crevecoeur I;Flas D;Semal P;Mannino MA;Cupillard C;Bocherens H;Conard NJ;Harvati K;Moiseyev V;Drucker DG;Svoboda J;Richards MP;Caramelli D;Pinhasi R;Kelso J;Patterson N;Krause J;Pääbo S;Reich D
通讯作者：
Reich D
影响因子：
4
作者：
Higham, Thomas;Brock, Fiona;Douka, Katerina
通讯作者：
Douka, Katerina
影响因子：
4
作者：
Genty, Dominique;Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie;Brauer, A.
通讯作者：
Brauer, A.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Douka, Katerina;Higham, Thomas F. G.;Ronchitelli, Anna Maria
通讯作者：
Ronchitelli, Anna Maria
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Douka, Katerina;Grimaldi, Stefano;Higham, Thomas F. G.
通讯作者：
Higham, Thomas F. G.