Cutaneous Na+ storage strengthens the antimicrobial barrier function of the skin and boosts macrophage-driven host defense.

Cutaneous Na+ storage strengthens the antimicrobial barrier function of the skin and boosts macrophage-driven host defense.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003
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发表时间:
2015-03-03
期刊:
影响因子:
29
通讯作者:
Titze J
Titze J
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jantsch J;Schatz V;Friedrich D;Schröder A;Kopp C;Siegert I;Maronna A;Wendelborn D;Linz P;Binger KJ;Gebhardt M;Heinig M;Neubert P;Fischer F;Teufel S;David JP;Neufert C;Cavallaro A;Rakova N;Küper C;Beck FX;Neuhofer W;Muller DN;Schuler G;Uder M;Bogdan C;Luft FC;Titze J

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Immune cells regulate a hypertonic microenvironment in the skin; however, the biological advantage of increased skin Na+ concentrations is unknown. We found that Na+ accumulated at the site of bacterial skin infections in humans and in mice. We used the protozoan parasite Leishmania major as a model of skin-prone macrophage infection to test the hypothesis that skin-Na+ storage facilitates antimicrobial host defense. Activation of macrophages in the presence of high NaCl concentrations modified epigenetic markers and enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK)-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) activation. This high-salt response resulted in elevated type-2 nitric oxide synthase (Nos2)-dependent NO production and improved Leishmania major control. Finally, we found that increasing Na+ content in the skin by a high-salt diet boosted activation of macrophages in an Nfat5-dependent manner and promoted cutaneous antimicrobial defense. We suggest that the hypertonic microenvironment could serve as a barrier to infection.
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