Ecological Networks in the Scotia Sea: Structural Changes Across Latitude and Depth

Ecological Networks in the Scotia Sea: Structural Changes Across Latitude and Depth
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斯科舍海的生态网络:跨纬度和深度的结构变化

DOI:
10.1007/s10021-021-00665-1
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
López-López L
López-López L
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
López-López L

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斯科舍海是南大洋的一个多产的远洋生态系统,由于全球变暖,这种生态系统正在迅速变化。物种范围的变化尤其明显,因为亚南极物种的范围从北向南扩大,可能会重新安排这一生态系统的结构。因此,需要进行研究,以确定斯科舍海这两个生物地理区域之间目前食物网结构的差异程度,并调查观察到的模式在不同深度区域之间是否一致。我们编制了一个数据库,其中包括228个远洋类群之间的10,888个摄食相互作用,这一数据库的基础是在斯科舍海进行的调查和饮食研究。网络分析表明,相对于南斯科舍海(SSS),北斯科舍海(NSS)更为复杂:物种丰富度更高(节点更多),营养相互作用(更多连接)总体更相连(更大的连接和连接密度)。此外,NSS的特点是与SSS相比,具有更多的强相互作用的生物群(更大的节点聚集),这表明与亚南极物种相比,南极的营养专门化程度更高。深度也在构建这些网络中发挥了关键作用,相对于上层区域,中上层和底层区域的平均营养位置更高,食物的通用性更强。这表明,直接接触初级生产者是影响这些社区营养结构的一个关键因素。我们的结果表明,在目前的变暖水平下,SSS生态系统可能会变得更紧密,而不是更模块化,类似于NSS目前的结构。
The Scotia Sea is a productive pelagic ecosystem in the Southern Ocean, which is rapidly changing as a consequence of global warming. Species range shifts are particularly evident, as sub-Antarctic species expand their range from North to South, potentially rearranging the structure of this ecosystem. Thus, studies are needed to determine the current extent of variation in food web structure between these two biogeographic regions of the Scotia Sea and to investigate whether the observed patterns are consistent among depth zones. We compiled a database of 10,888 feeding interactions among 228 pelagic taxa, underpinned by surveys and dietary studies conducted in the Scotia Sea. Network analysis indicated that the Northern Scotia Sea (NSS), relative to the Southern Scotia Sea (SSS), is more complex: with higher species richness (more nodes) and trophic interactions (more links) is more connected overall (greater connectance and linkage density). Moreover, the NSS is characterised by more groups of strongly interacting organisms (greater node clustering) than the SSS, suggesting a higher trophic specialisation of Antarctic compared to sub-Antarctic species. Depth also played a key role in structuring these networks, with higher mean trophic position and more dietary generalism in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones relative to the epipelagic zones. This suggests that direct access to primary producers is a key factor influencing the trophic structure of these communities. Our results suggest that under current levels of warming the SSS ecosystem will likely become more connected and less modular, resembling the current structure of the NSS.
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