Direct and indirect effects of fire on parasites in an African savanna
Direct and indirect effects of fire on parasites in an African savanna
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火灾对非洲稀树草原寄生虫的直接和间接影响
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.14013
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Donaldson J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donaldson J
草地生态系统中的火灾会消耗植被并启动高质量的再生长，当哺乳动物在最近的烧伤中集中进食时，会导致火食草动物。对于环境传播的寄生虫与植被结构的传输机制，火灾应施加直接影响寄生虫，以及间接影响，随后增强草食动物，这可能会影响寄生虫输入和暴露于环境conditions.We结合实验操作与观测数据在塞伦盖蒂国家公园调查的直接和间接影响火灾对寄生虫。我们评估了火灾的直接影响，通过测量的变化，寄生线虫幼虫在草层火灾前和火灾后，对实验烧毁和对照地块。为了调查间接影响与pyric草食动物，我们采样草食动物粪便，草生物量，地面温度和幼虫密度，每个月5个月后，在7对燃烧和未燃烧的监测地块火灾。最后，为了评估火灾导致的幼虫密度变化是否会影响宿主感染负担，我们连续5个月每月收集一次关键宿主格兰特瞪羚（Nanger granti）的粪便样本，以估计宿主内寄生虫负担。火灾杀死了所有幼虫，并在火灾后的2个月内增加了40%的食草动物粪便投入。火灾后的粪肥输入导致幼虫寄生虫dignonization的烧伤补丁，但激烈的草食动物保持草短和幼虫密度与地面温度的变化与草生物量和环境温度。格兰特的瞪羚有较低的寄生虫负担时，在较高的地区采样相比，较低的烧毁面积fraction.Fire和pyric草食动物改变幼虫寄生虫在环境中的密度，并划分景观到燃烧和未燃烧的地区，不同的感染风险为本地herbivores.The间接影响量化这里代表了一个新的发现，具有重大意义的所有放牧系统受火灾的影响。
Fires in grassy ecosystems consume vegetation and initiate high‐quality regrowth, which results in pyric herbivory when mammalian grazers concentrate feeding in recent burns. For environmentally transmitted parasites with transmission mechanisms linked to vegetation structure, fire should exert direct effects on parasites, as well as indirect effects resulting from subsequent enhanced herbivory, which can affect parasite input and exposure to environmental conditions.We combined an experimental manipulation with observational data in the Serengeti National Park to investigate the direct and indirect effects of fire on parasites. We assessed the direct effects of fire by measuring changes in parasitic nematode larvae in the grass layer before and after fire on paired experimental burned and control plots. To investigate indirect effects linked to pyric herbivory, we sampled herbivore dung, grass biomass, ground temperature and larval densities every month for 5 months following fire in seven pairs of burned and unburned monitoring plots. Finally, to assess if fire‐driven changes to larval densities affected host infection burdens, we collected faecal samples from a key host, Grant's gazelle (Nanger granti), each month for 5 months to estimate within‐host parasite burdens.Fire killed all larvae and increased grazer dung inputs by 40% for 2 months following fire. Dung inputs after fire led to larval parasite recolonization of burned patches, but intense herbivory kept grass short and larval densities were associated with changes in ground temperature linked to grass biomass and ambient temperature. Grant's gazelles had lower parasite burdens when sampled in areas with higher compared to lower burned area fraction.Fire and pyric herbivory change the densities of larval parasites in the environment and divide the landscape into burned and unburned regions with distinct infection risks for local herbivores.The indirect effects quantified here represent a novel finding with major implications for all grazing systems impacted by fire.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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D. Bowman
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2015.0314
发表时间：
2016-09-19
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Anderson, T. Michael;White, Staci;Packer, Craig
通讯作者：
Packer, Craig