Transcriptome and structure analysis in root of Casuarina equisetifolia under NaCl treatment.
Transcriptome and structure analysis in root of Casuarina equisetifolia under NaCl treatment.
复制标题
NaCl处理下木麻黄根的转录组和结构分析
作者：
Wang Y;Zhang J;Qiu Z;Zeng B;Zhang Y;Wang X;Chen J;Zhong C;Deng R;Fan C
背景高盐分严重影响植物的生长发育。过量的盐离子主要通过诱导渗透胁迫、离子毒性和氧化应激等方式造成伤害。木麻黄是一种耐盐性很强的植物，通常在沿海沙质土壤地区作为风带种植。然而，人们对它的生理和响应盐胁迫的分子机制知之甚少。结果对8周龄马尾松生根插条幼苗进行了不同时间的盐胁迫(200 mM盐胁迫0、1、6、24和168h)，并对其离子含量、细胞结构和转录本进行了分析。钾含量在盐处理后1h~24h间缓慢下降，168h后钾含量显著降低。随着处理时间的延长，根表皮细胞脱落，形成更致密的细胞层。盐胁迫导致表皮和内胚层细胞变形，线粒体受损，而中柱细胞受损较小。转录组分析鉴定出10,378个差异表达基因(Deg)，其中暴露24 h和168 h的差异表达基因多于较短时间暴露的差异表达基因。盐胁迫早期(1h或6h)，HKT和CHX等信号转导和离子转运基因在DEG中显著丰富，而参与细胞程序性死亡的基因在168h显著上调，这与根中离子含量和细胞结构的变化相对应。氧化应激和解毒基因在不同时期的DEG中也有差异表达和丰富。结论这些结果不仅阐明了木麻黄耐盐的机制和分子途径，而且为鉴定与盐胁迫相关的基因功能奠定了基础。
Background High soil salinity seriously affects plant growth and development. Excessive salt ions mainly cause damage by inducing osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidation stress. Casuarina equisetifolia is a highly salt-tolerant plant, commonly grown as wind belts in coastal areas with sandy soils. However, little is known about its physiology and the molecular mechanism of its response to salt stress. Results Eight-week-old C. equisetifolia seedlings grown from rooted cuttings were exposed to salt stress for varying durations (0, 1, 6, 24, and 168 h under 200 mM NaCl) and their ion contents, cellular structure, and transcriptomes were analyzed. Potassium concentration decreased slowly between 1 h and 24 h after initiation of salt treatment, while the content of potassium was significantly lower after 168 h of salt treatment. Root epidermal cells were shed and a more compact layer of cells formed as the treatment duration increased. Salt stress led to deformation of cells and damage to mitochondria in the epidermis and endodermis, whereas stele cells suffered less damage. Transcriptome analysis identified 10,378 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with more genes showing differential expression after 24 h and 168 h of exposure than after shorter durations of exposure to salinity. Signal transduction and ion transport genes such as HKT and CHX were enriched among DEGs in the early stages (1 h or 6 h) of salt stress, while expression of genes involved in programmed cell death was significantly upregulated at 168 h, corresponding to changes in ion contents and cell structure of roots. Oxidative stress and detoxification genes were also expressed differentially and were enriched among DEGs at different stages. Conclusions These results not only elucidate the mechanism and the molecular pathway governing salt tolerance, but also serve as a basis for identifying gene function related to salt stress in C. equisetifolia.
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