Stereotype threat, trait perseveration, and vagal activity: evidence for mechanisms underpinning health disparities in Black Americans.
Stereotype threat, trait perseveration, and vagal activity: evidence for mechanisms underpinning health disparities in Black Americans.
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DOI：
10.1080/13557858.2017.1378803
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Thayer JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams DP;Joseph N;Hill LK;Sollers JJ 3rd;Vasey MW;Way BM;Koenig J;Thayer JF
与美国白人（WAs）相比，美国黑人（BAs）在发病率和死亡率方面的风险较高。种族压力因素在美国文化中很常见，并被认为是造成这些差异的原因。当以种族为重点时，刻板印象威胁（ST）被认为是一个有害于BAs健康的因素；然而，很少有研究直接调查ST操作对生理功能的影响。此外，有人提出，当更有可能在压力源上坚持（例如反刍）时，ST等种族压力源可能具有持久的影响，因此，那些具有更强特质持久性的人可能更容易受到ST的影响。我们试图探索ST和特质持久性对迷走神经活动变化的影响-适应性心理和生理健康的指示-由迷走神经介导的心率变异性（vmHRV）指标。43名（24名女性，平均年龄20岁，标准差3岁）明显健康的BA个体在完成认知任务之前被随机分配到三种实验条件中的一种，在三种实验条件下，他们分别接受内隐（微妙）、外显（明显）或无ST启动（对照条件）。静息vmHRV在基线（任务前）和恢复（任务后）进行评估。与对照组相比，外显ST条件下的参与者vmHRV从任务前到任务后的下降幅度最大。与对照组中具有较低水平的特质持久性和BAs的人相比，具有中高水平特质持久性的BAs在任务前到任务后的vmHRV下降幅度最大。这些数据表明，种族性心绞痛，特别是当心绞痛明显且与特征持续性相结合时，可以降低迷走神经活动，如vmHRV下降所示，当频繁经历时，会对ba的健康和寿命产生重大影响。
Black Americans (BAs) are at an elevated risk for morbidity and mortality in comparison to White Americans (WAs). Racial stressors are a common occurrence in American culture and is theorized to contribute to these disparities. When race-focused, stereotype threat (ST) is considered to be a factor that is detrimental to health in BAs; however few studies have directly investigated the impact of a ST manipulation on physiological function. Furthermore, it is proposed that racial stressors such as ST may have prolonged effects when more likely to perseverate (e.g. rumination) over the stressor and thus, those with greater trait perseveration may be more affected by ST. We sought to explore the impact of ST and trait perseveration on changes in vagus nerve activity – an indication of adaptive psychological and physiological well-being – as indexed by vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). Forty-three (24 females, mean age of 20, standard deviation of 3 years) apparently healthy BA individuals were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions in which they received either implicit (subtle), explicit (blatant), or no ST priming (control condition), prior to completing a cognitive task. Resting vmHRV was assessed both at baseline (pre-task) and recovery (post-task). BAs in the explicit ST condition exhibited the greatest decrease in vmHRV in comparison to the control group from pre-to post-task. BAs with moderate to high levels of trait perseveration showed the greatest decrease in vmHRV from pre-to post-task in comparison to those with lower levels of trait perseveration and BAs in the control group. These data suggest that racial ST, especially when explicit and coupled with trait perseveration, can decrease vagal activity, as indexed by decreased vmHRV, which when experienced frequently can have significant consequences for health and longevity in BAs.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
Croizet, JC;Després, G;Méot, A
通讯作者：
Méot, A
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Keller, Johannes
通讯作者：
Keller, Johannes
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Mendoza-Denton, Rodolfo;Shaw-Taylor, Lindsay;Chang, Eunice
通讯作者：
Chang, Eunice
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Blascovich, J;Spencer, SJ;Steele, C
通讯作者：
Steele, C
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Kemp, Andrew H.;Koenig, Julian;Lotufo, Paulo A.
通讯作者：
Lotufo, Paulo A.