Ontogenetic change in determinants of social network position in the spotted hyena
Ontogenetic change in determinants of social network position in the spotted hyena
复制标题
斑鬣狗社交网络位置决定因素的个体发生变化
DOI：
10.1007/s00265-017-2426-x
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Holekamp, Kay E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Turner, Julie W.;Bills, Patrick S.;Holekamp, Kay E.
摘要：社会发展对于生活在复杂社会中的动物的个体发育至关重要，并对成年期产生持久的影响。斑点鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）生活在与猴灵长类动物一样复杂的裂变融合社会中。成年鬣狗在群体中所持有的社会地位复杂多样，但人们对这些地位在发育过程中如何出现和变化知之甚少。使用社交网络分析（SNA），我们测试了假设的预测，表明性别和统治地位影响年轻鬣狗在个体发育的三个阶段的社交网络地位：（1）生活在公共巢穴中，（2）独立巢穴但繁殖前，以及（3）成年早期。通过检查鬣狗单独被发现的比率及其关联网络、攻击网络和隶属网络，我们观察到个体在个体发育过程中网络位置的显着变化，以及明显的性别差异。除了个体被发现独处的比例（随着个体发育而增加）之外，大多数社交网络位置指标从婴儿期到成年期都大幅下降。然而，女性在这条轨迹上表现出比男性更多的与等级相关的变化。总体而言，社会排名对女性社交网络地位发展的影响大于男性。因此，雌性和雄性具有不同的社会发展轨迹，这似乎为它们各自不同的未来做好了准备，即融入其出生的氏族或分散到一个新的氏族。 意义陈述 社会发展很难研究，特别是在长寿的群居哺乳动物中，因此我们对影响成年人所扮演的社会角色的个体发育过程中出现的变量知之甚少。我们利用社交网络分析来研究性别和等级如何影响成熟斑鬣狗的社会地位，因为它们的地位在个体发育过程中发生变化。女性在生命早期就形成了比男性更复杂的社会地位，其策略随她们的统治地位而变化。尽管雄性在幼崽时与群体成员的联系与雌性一样密切，但当它们成熟时，它们通常会脱离原生家族。雄性显然不会分散，因为它们被积极地从出生群体中驱逐出去。我们的数据首次表明，社会发展似乎为女性和男性做好了选择的选择，即选择传教或分散的未来。
AbstractSocial development is crucial in the ontogeny of animals living in complex societies and has lasting consequences in adulthood. Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) live in fission-fusion societies as complex as those of cercopithecine primates. The social positions adult hyenas hold within their groups are complex and varied, but little is known about how those positons emerge and change over the course of development. Using social network analysis (SNA), we tested predictions of hypotheses suggesting that sex and dominance status affect the social network positions of young hyenas across three stages of ontogeny: (1) while living at the communal den, (2) den independent but pre-reproductive, and (3) early adulthood. By examining rates at which hyenas were found alone and their association networks, aggression networks, and affiliation networks, we observed striking changes in individuals’ network positions across ontogeny, as well as pronounced sex differences. With the exception of rates at which individuals were found alone, which increased over ontogeny, most social network position metrics decreased greatly from infancy to adulthood. However, females showed considerably more rank-related variation in this trajectory than did males. Overall, social rank had stronger effects on the development of social network positions in females than males. Thus, females and males have different social development trajectories that appear to prepare them for their different respective futures of integrating into their natal clan or dispersing to a new one.Significance statementSocial development is difficult to study, particularly in long-lived gregarious mammals, so little is known about the variables shaping the emergence during ontogeny of social roles played by adults. We used social network analysis to investigate how sex and rank affect the social positions of maturing spotted hyenas as their positions change across ontogenetic development. Females develop more complex social positions than males early in life, with strategies that vary with their dominance status. Although males are just as well connected to group-mates as females when they are cubs, they generally disengage from the natal clan as they mature; males clearly do not disperse because they are aggressively expelled from their natal group. Our data suggest for the first time that social development appears to prepare females and males for their alternative futures of philopatry or dispersal.
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雄性和雌性斑鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）之间的关联模式反映了雄性的择偶选择
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
M. Szykman;A. Engh;R. V. Van Horn;S. Funk;K. Scribner;K. Holekamp
通讯作者：
K. Holekamp
雌性斑鬣狗的等级和繁殖。
DOI：
10.1530/jrf.0.1080229
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Journal of reproduction and fertility
影响因子：
--
作者：
K. Holekamp;L. Smale;M. Szykman
通讯作者：
M. Szykman
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.2512
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Eli M. Swanson;I. Dworkin;K. Holekamp
通讯作者：
K. Holekamp
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
FRANK, LG;GLICKMAN, SE;LICHT, P
通讯作者：
LICHT, P
问候促进斑点鬣狗之间的合作并加强社会联系
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Jennifer E. Smith;Katherine S. Powning;S. Dawes;J. Estrada;Adrienne L. Hopper;S. Piotrowski;K. Holekamp
通讯作者：
K. Holekamp