Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago.
Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-018-0518-2
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Petraglia MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groucutt HS;Grün R;Zalmout IAS;Drake NA;Armitage SJ;Candy I;Clark-Wilson R;Louys J;Breeze PS;Duval M;Buck LT;Kivell TL;Pomeroy E;Stephens NB;Stock JT;Stewart M;Price GJ;Kinsley L;Sung WW;Alsharekh A;Al-Omari A;Zahir M;Memesh AM;Abdulshakoor AJ;Al-Masari AM;Bahameem AA;Al Murayyi KMS;Zahrani B;Scerri ELM;Petraglia MD
了解智人走出非洲的时间和特征，对于推断支撑全球人口历史的殖民化和混合过程至关重要。有人认为，从非洲向外的传播有一个早期阶段，特别是~13 -9万年前（ka），只到达东地中海黎凡特，而后期阶段，~60-50 ka，穿过欧亚大陆的不同环境，延伸到萨胡尔。然而，东亚和Sahul最近的研究结果对这一模型提出了挑战。这里我们显示智人在85ka以前就在阿拉伯半岛了。本文描述了沙特阿拉伯Nefud沙漠Al Wusta遗址的Al Wusta-1 （AW-1）中间方阵。AW-1是非洲和黎凡特以外最古老的直接确定年代的人类化石。Al Wusta的古环境背景表明，在由轨道强迫驱动的降水增加阶段，使用旧石器时代中期石器的智人分散到阿拉伯半岛，与主要的非洲动物群有关。结合独立年代学估计的贝叶斯模型表明，Al Wusta的年代学为~95-86 ka，我们将其与各种区域记录中已知的海洋同位素阶段5后期的潮湿事件相关联。Al Wusta表明，早期的扩散在空间和时间上比以前认为的更广泛。早期智人走出非洲，并不局限于与非洲毗邻的地中海黎凡特地区的冬季降雨林地，而是深入到半干旱的阿拉伯草原，这得益于季风降雨增强的时期。
Understanding the timing and character of Homo sapiens expansion out of Africa is critical for inferring the colonisation and admixture processes that underpin global population history. It has been argued that dispersal out of Africa had an early phase, particularly ~130-90 thousand years ago (ka), that only reached the East Mediterranean Levant, and a later phase, ~60-50 ka, that extended across the diverse environments of Eurasia to Sahul. However, recent findings from East Asia and Sahul challenge this model. Here we show that H. sapiens was in the Arabian Peninsula before 85 ka. We describe the Al Wusta-1 (AW-1) intermediate phalanx from the site of Al Wusta in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. AW-1 is the oldest directly dated fossil of our species outside Africa and the Levant. The palaeoenvironmental context of Al Wusta demonstrates that H. sapiens using Middle Palaeolithic stone tools dispersed into Arabia during a phase of increased precipitation driven by orbital forcing, in association with a primarily African fauna. A Bayesian model incorporating independent chronometric age estimates indicates a chronology for Al Wusta of ~95-86 ka, which we correlate with a humid episode in the later part of Marine Isotope Stage 5 known from various regional records. Al Wusta shows that early dispersals were more spatially and temporally extensive than previously thought. Early H. sapiens dispersals out of Africa were not limited to winter rainfall-fed Levantine Mediterranean woodlands immediately adjacent to Africa, but extended deep into the semi-arid grasslands of Arabia, facilitated by periods of enhanced monsoonal rainfall.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
BLUMENSCHINE, RJ;SELVAGGIO, MM
通讯作者：
SELVAGGIO, MM
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Benjamin, M;Toumi, H;Milz, S
通讯作者：
Milz, S
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Benson, Alexa;Kinsley, Les;Gruen, Rainer
通讯作者：
Gruen, Rainer
影响因子：
5
作者：
Bar-Matthews, M;Ayalon, A;Hawkesworth, CJ
通讯作者：
Hawkesworth, CJ
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
BEHRENSMEYER, AK;GORDON, KD;YANAGI, GT
通讯作者：
YANAGI, GT